{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T04:39:01Z","timestamp":1780375141587,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Thromb Hemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fibrin, described on a single-lens microscopy for the first time by Malpighi in 1666 and named by de Fourcroy, has been extensively studied by biochemists, biophysicists, and more recently by clinicians who recognized that fibrin is the major component of most thrombi. Elucidation of key reactions leading to fibrin clot formation in the 1950s and 1960s grew interest in the clinical relevance of altered fibrin characteristics. Implementation of scanning electron microscopy to image fibrin clots in 1947 and clot permeation studies in the 1970s to evaluate an average pore size enabled plasma clot characterization in cohorts of patients. Unfavorably altered fibrin clot structure was demonstrated by Blomb\u00e4ck's group in coronary artery disease in 1992 and in diabetes in 1996. Fifteen years ago, similar plasma fibrin clot alterations were reported in patients following venous thromboembolism. Multiple myeloma was the first malignant disease to be found to lead to abnormal fibrin clot phenotype in the 1970s. Apart from anticoagulant agents, in 1998, aspirin was first shown to increase fibrin clot permeability in cardiovascular patients. The current review presents key data on the rich history of fibrin research, in particular, those that first documented abnormal fibrin clot properties in a variety of human disease states, as well as factors affecting fibrin phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1785485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T23:08:31Z","timestamp":1712876911000},"page":"751-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reviewing the Rich History of Fibrin Clot Research with a Focus on Clinical Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Anetta","family":"Undas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thromboembolic Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, and Center for Research and Medical Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571342","article-title":"What is the biological and clinical relevance of fibrin?","volume":"42","author":"R I Litvinov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58971-4_15","article-title":"Fibrinogen and fibrin","volume":"96","author":"R I Litvinov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.08.014","article-title":"Fibrinogen and fibrin: synthesis, structure, and function in health and disease","volume":"21","author":"A S Wolberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300060385","article-title":"Malpighi's De polypo cordis: an annotated translation","volume":"39","author":"J M Forrester","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Hist"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12469","article-title":"Visualizing thrombosis to improve thrombus resolution","volume":"5","author":"J W Weisel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029615601494","article-title":"Over 50 years of fibrinogen concentrate","volume":"22","author":"R Costa-Filho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"366","volume-title":"The fibrinogen to fibrin transformation","author":"L Rosenfeld","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"A History of Blood Coagulation","author":"C A Owen Jr","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.04-0351","article-title":"Electrophoretic investigation of fibrin and fibrinogen dissolved in urea solutions","volume":"4","author":"E Mihalyi","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acta Chem Scand"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(51)90277-9","article-title":"The polymerization of proteins; 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