{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T23:36:04Z","timestamp":1782257764734,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Pineal apoplexy, alternatively referred to as pineal hemorrhage or pineal gland hemorrhagic stroke, is an infrequent pathologic condition characterized by bleeding within the pineal gland. In this review, we encompass the primary factors contributing to this uncommon ailment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003The retrieval of pertinent research, including patients with pineal apoplexy, was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. This study exclusively incorporated comprehensive articles written in the English language. The search encompassed the MeSH terms \u201cpineal apoplexy\u201d and \u201cpineal hemorrhage.\u201d<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 41 articles were identified, encompassing a collective sample size of 57 patients. The median age of the patients in the study was 30 years, with a range spanning from 1 to 73 years. There were 27 males, representing 47.4% of the participants. The study identified the most often reported symptoms as headache (49; 86%), nausea\/vomiting (19; 33.3%), and Parinaud's syndrome (16; 28.1%). The treatment options encompass several approaches, including open resection, shunting, ventriculostomy, endoscopic aspiration, and conservative care. In the conducted study, a notable number of patients, amounting to 45 cases (78.9%), indicated an amelioration of their symptoms upon their discharge.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Data from a cohort of 57 cases provide insights into symptoms, lesions, treatments, and outcomes. Management approaches range from conservative measures to surgical interventions, with prognosis hinged on timely intervention. This investigation serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers, underscoring the need for early diagnosis before permanent neurologic dysfunction happens and tailored treatments for optimal outcomes in pineal apoplexy cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1786538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T23:02:06Z","timestamp":1716591726000},"page":"085-098","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pineal Apoplexy: Highlighting the Causes, Treatment, and Outcome"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Oday","family":"Atallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemnt of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8392-2072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bipin","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Badary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemnt of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Dessau, Dessau-Ro\u00dflau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucio De","family":"Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurosurgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser F.","family":"Almealawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wireko Andrew","family":"Awuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wahab","family":"Moustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemnt of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Dessau, Dessau-Ro\u00dflau, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Ergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Derince Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-1909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Maria","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Neurosurgery, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-197903000-00015","article-title":"Pineal apoplexy","volume":"4","author":"K P Burres","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1066","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000179990.46401.66","article-title":"Pineal cyst apoplexy: case report and review of the literature","volume":"57","author":"A J Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00698853","article-title":"A case of hemorrhagic pineal cyst: MR\/CT correlation","volume":"31","author":"R E 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