{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:39:40Z","timestamp":1788910780749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objectives\u2003This study aimed to examine the suppressive effect of the natural antioxidant vitamin C (VC) against submandibular gland toxicity induced by copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Materials and Methods\u2003Three groups of 30 mature male albino rats (4 weeks old) weighing between 150 and 200\u2009g were selected. The rats were randomly assigned for 6 weeks to receive: intraperitoneal injection (IP) of vehicle (control group); IP of 2.5\u2009mg\/kg body weight (bw) of CuO-NPs (CuO-NPs group); and IP of 2.5\u2009mg\/kg bw of CuO-NPs, combined with a daily oral dose of 100\u2009mg\/kg bw of VC in drinking water via gavage (CuO-NPs\/VC group). The rats were euthanized, and their submandibular glands were dissected for histological evaluation, including hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and caspase-3.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Statistical Analysis\u2003The area expression for Ki-67 and caspase-3 was statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism. Following analysis of variance analysis, Tukey's post hoc was used for multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003CuO-NPs caused significant cytotoxic effects on submandibular salivary gland cells in albino rats. This led to an increase in Ki-67 and caspase-3 levels compared with the control group. VC administration improved tissue histology and reduced Ki-67 and caspase-3 levels in the VC\/CuO-NPs group compared with rats treated with CuO-NPs alone.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003The study revealed significant cytotoxic effects of CuO-NPs on the submandibular salivary gland of albino rats. VC effectively mitigated these toxic effects, suggesting its potential as a readily available antioxidant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1786867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T23:07:35Z","timestamp":1716592055000},"page":"124-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Balancing Risks versus Benefits: Vitamin C Therapy versus Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity in Albino Rats' Submandibular Salivary Gland"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-5163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4694-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safaa","family":"Baz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6383-2629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma Awad","family":"Taghyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Bakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dental Practice, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-4619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Al Ankily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-013-5422-8","article-title":"Bioactivity, mechanism of action, and cytotoxicity of copper-based nanoparticles: a review","volume":"98","author":"A P Ingle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol 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