{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:19:26Z","timestamp":1793114366309,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003The best timing of closure of the hard palate in individuals with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CLAP) to reach the optimal speech outcomes and maxillary growth is still a subject of debate. This study evaluates changes in compensatory articulatory patterns and resonance in patients with unilateral and bilateral CLAP who underwent simultaneous closure of the hard palate and secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A retrospective study of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral and bilateral CLAP who underwent delayed hard palate closure (DHPC) simultaneously with ABG at 9 to 12 years of age from 2013 to 2018. The articulatory patterns, nasality, degree of hypernasality, facial grimacing, and speech intelligibility were assessed pre- and postoperatively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Forty-eight patients were included. DHPC and ABG were performed at the mean age of 10.5 years. Postoperatively hypernasal speech was still present in 54% of patients; however, the degree of hypernasality decreased in 67% (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Grimacing decreased in 27% (p\u2009=\u20090.015). Articulation disorders remained present in 85% (p\u2009=\u20090.375). Intelligible speech (grade 1 or 2) was observed in 71 compared with 35% of patients preoperatively (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003This study showed an improved resonance and intelligibility following DHPC at the mean age of 10.5 years, however compensatory articulation errors persisted. Sequential treatments such as speech therapy play a key role in improvement of speech and may reduce remaining compensatory mechanisms following DHPC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1787002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T23:34:57Z","timestamp":1718408097000},"page":"378-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Speech Outcomes after Delayed Hard Palate Closure and Synchronous Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients with Cleft Lip, Alveolus and Palate"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9288-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Haj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6765-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.N.","family":"Hakkesteegt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6334-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.G.","family":"Poldermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9372-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.H.W.","family":"de Gier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0507-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.L.","family":"Versnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5159-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.B.","family":"Wolvius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Selected developmental factors of cleft palate children between two and thirty-three months of age","volume":"15","author":"D Fox","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2013.12.004","article-title":"Speech evaluation for patients with cleft palate","volume":"41","author":"A W Kummer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_2003_040_0590_trbtco_2.0.co_2","article-title":"The relationship between the characteristics of speech and velopharyngeal gap size","volume":"40","author":"A W 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palate","volume":"24","author":"R B Ross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1054\/jcms.2001.0217","article-title":"The Eurocleft project 1996-2000: overview","volume":"29","author":"W C Shaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","first-page":"46","article-title":"Two-stage closure of cleft palate (progress report)","volume":"7","author":"M A Perko","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref35","first-page":"209","article-title":"Early maxillary growth in complete cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients following Widmaier-Perko's, or a modified Furlow's technique of soft palate repair","volume":"31","author":"M Y Mommaerts","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Sur"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5177\/ntvt.2018.02.17135","article-title":"[Improving care for cleft lip and palate patients: uniform and patient-orientated outcome measures]","volume":"125","author":"M Haj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd"}],"container-title":["Archives of Plastic 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