{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:44:55Z","timestamp":1792604695049,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asian J Neurosurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Differentiation between glioblastoma (GBM), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and metastasis is important in decision-making before surgery. However, these malignant brain tumors have overlapping features. This study aimed to identify predictors differentiating between GBM, PCNSL, and metastasis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003Patients with a solitary intracranial enhancing tumor and a histopathological diagnosis of GBM, PCNSL, or metastasis were investigated. All patients with intracranial lymphoma had PCNSL without extracranial involvement. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were analyzed to determine their associations with the tumor types.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The predictors associated with GBM were functional impairment (p\u2009=\u20090.001), large tumor size (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), irregular tumor margin (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), heterogeneous contrast enhancement (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), central necrosis (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), intratumoral hemorrhage (p\u2009=\u20090.018), abnormal flow void (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and hypodensity component on noncontrast cranial computed tomography (CT) scan (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The predictors associated with PCNSL comprised functional impairment (p\u2009=\u20090.005), deep-seated tumor location (p\u2009=\u20090.006), homogeneous contrast enhancement (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), absence of cystic appearance (p\u2009=\u20090.008), presence of hypointensity component on precontrast cranial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; p\u2009=\u20090.027), and presence of isodensity component on noncontrast cranial CT (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.008). Finally, the predictors for metastasis were an infratentorial (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) or extra-axial tumor location (p\u2009=\u20090.035), smooth tumor margin (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and presence of isointensity component on cranial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI (p\u2009=\u20090.047).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003These predictors may be used to differentiate between GBM, PCNSL, and metastasis, and they are useful in clinical management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1787051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T22:57:45Z","timestamp":1717714665000},"page":"186-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Predictors for the Differentiation between Glioblastoma, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma, and Metastasis in Patients with a Solitary Enhancing Intracranial Mass"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pornthida","family":"Chuthip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Pattani Hospital, Pattani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6925-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bunpot","family":"Sitthinamsuwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theerapol","family":"Witthiwej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chottiwat","family":"Tansirisithikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3931-937X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inthira","family":"Khumpalikit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarun","family":"Nunta-aree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2015.3.1.8","article-title":"Modern brain tumor imaging","volume":"3","author":"M C Mabray","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res Treat"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000753","article-title":"Common malignant brain tumors: can 18F-FDG PET\/CT aid in differentiation?","volume":"38","author":"N C Purandare","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2161","article-title":"Differentiation among glioblastoma multiforme, solitary metastatic tumor, and lymphoma using whole-tumor histogram analysis of the normalized cerebral blood volume in enhancing and perienhancing lesions","volume":"31","author":"J H Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940515)73:10<2570::AID-CNCR2820731019>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Radiotherapy of primary central nervous system lymphoma in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus. 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