{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T21:51:11Z","timestamp":1765057871679,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor and non-motor symptoms such as hyposmia, which is evaluated through olfactory tests in the clinical practice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To assess the feasibility of using the modified Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (mCCCRC) olfactory test and to compare its performance with the Sniffin' Sticks-12 (SS-12, Burghart Messtechnik GmbH, Wedel, Germany) test.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A transversal case-control study in which the patients were divided into the PD group (PDG) and the control group (CG). The cost and difficulty in handling substances to produce the mCCCRC test kits were evaluated. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking habits, past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, self-perception of odor sense, and cognition through the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were also evaluated. The PDG was scored by part III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) and the Hoehn and Yahr Scale (H&amp;Y) scale. Correlations were assessed through the Spearman rank correlation coefficient test (\u03c1, or rho).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mCCCRC test was easily manufactured and handled at a cost ten times lower compared with the SS-12. The groups (PDG: n\u2009=\u200934; CG: n\u2009=\u200938) were similar in terms of age, sex, level of schooling, smoking habits, and history of COVID-19. The tests results showed moderate correlation (rho\u2009=\u20090.65; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The CG presented better cognitive performance and scored better in both tests (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). There was a tendency for a negative correlation with age, but good correlation with the MoCA (p\u2009=\u20090.0029). The results of the PDG group showed no correlation with olfactory results and motor performance or disease duration. The self-perception of hyposmia was low in both groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The mCCCRC is an easy-to-apply and inexpensive method that demonstrated a similar performance to that of the SS-12 in evaluating olfaction in PD patients and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1787139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T00:14:17Z","timestamp":1717028057000},"page":"001-006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Performance of a cost-effective olfactory test to evaluate hyposmia in Parkinson's disease patients"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4120-108X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josev\u00e2nia Fulg\u00eancio de Lima","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia Prof. S\u00e9rgio Novis, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-4752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liene Duarte","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia Prof. S\u00e9rgio Novis, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7153-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Tavares","family":"Brisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia Prof. S\u00e9rgio Novis, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5291-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel de Castro","family":"Micheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia Prof. S\u00e9rgio Novis, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2106-1676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Ant\u00f4nio Sales Dantas de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia Prof. S\u00e9rgio Novis, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2545-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Lucia Zuma de","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia Prof. S\u00e9rgio Novis, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita de C\u00e1ssia Leite","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia Prof. S\u00e9rgio Novis, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"09","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27115","article-title":"Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy","volume":"32","author":"J A Obeso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov 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