{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T22:23:45Z","timestamp":1767047025694,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Radiol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003The genesis of both osteoporosis and sarcopenia is multifactorial, complicated, and interrelated. The present study has been undertaken to analyze the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and the pattern of imaging markers of sarcopenia (paraspinal skeletal muscle area [SMA] and skeletal muscle index [SMI] with respect to clinicodemographic profile in middle-aged patients (30\u201345 years) undergoing evaluation for low back pain (LBP).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbosacral spine and\/or sacroiliac joints was done on 3T MRI. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1 to L4) was assessed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. SMA was calculated by measuring the cross-sectional area of paraspinal muscles (bilateral psoas, erector spinae, and multifidus), and SMI was calculated by dividing SMA by height2.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The prevalence of osteoporosis was 12.1% in patients of age 30 to 45 years presenting with LBP. Both osteoporosis and paraspinal muscle mass were statistically associated with the duration of symptoms (p-value &lt;0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in different MRI findings, that is, normal, inflammatory, infective, and degenerative etiology.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Low BMD and loss of muscle mass in cases with LBP are more related to duration of disease rather than etiology or gender in middle-aged subjects. Early intervention to manage LBP may prevent progression to osteoporosis and sarcopenia in young adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1787683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T23:52:55Z","timestamp":1721260375000},"page":"002-009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia in Middle-Aged Subjects with Low Back Pain"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2016-3822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamrendra","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rishabh","family":"Pratap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2383-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaurav","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tushant","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4972-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajai Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"08","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0124","article-title":"Official positions of the international society for clinical densitometry","volume":"89","author":"E M Lewiecki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785","article-title":"NIH consensus development panel on osteoporosis prevention and therapy","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","first-page":"374","article-title":"Non-specific low-back pain among schoolchildren: a field survey with analysis of some associated factors","volume":"7","author":"F Balagu\u00e9","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07088-2","article-title":"Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures","volume":"348","author":"D M Black","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","first-page":"RC14","article-title":"Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in orthopaedic outpatients in Southern India","volume":"12","author":"J Chitten","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-27","article-title":"Are lifestyle-factors in adolescence predictors for adult low back pain? 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