{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T01:39:58Z","timestamp":1783042798403,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Rock-back is a reported complication following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), whereby tibial plateau angle (TPA) increases postoperatively. The mechanism of rock-back is not fully understood, although a recent ex vivo investigation demonstrated that osteotomy exit cut angle (ECA) and inclination of the plate in the sagittal plane might be risk factors. The purpose of this study was to explore these relationships in a clinical dog population. We hypothesized that dogs with rock-back would have a higher degree of plate inclination and downward ECA compared with those without rock-back.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003Medical records and radiographs of dogs that underwent TPLO between January 2021 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. TPA was recorded preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up. Plate inclination, ECA, and descriptive data were collected. Observers measuring TPA were blinded to other variables. Rock-back was defined as a change in TPA \u2265 2.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Ninety-five TPLO procedures met the inclusion criteria (n\u2009=\u200987 dogs). Rock-back was identified in 21% of TPLOs (n\u2009=\u200920\/95). The mean increase in TPA in the rock-back group was 3.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6. Plate inclination and ECA were not correlated with the presence of rock-back. Descriptive variables did not have a significant correlation with rock-back.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Plate inclination and ECA did not have a relationship with rock-back when defined as a postoperative TPA change \u22652\u2009degrees, in this clinical retrospective study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1787692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T22:54:25Z","timestamp":1717714465000},"page":"273-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Plate Inclination and Osteotomy Positioning on Rock-back following Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1929-3261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euan J.","family":"Mclean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southpaws Specialty Surgery for Animals, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merianna","family":"Foo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southpaws Specialty Surgery for Animals, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan S.","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southpaws Specialty Surgery for Animals, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southpaws Specialty Surgery for Animals, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James O.","family":"Simcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southpaws Specialty Surgery for Animals, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"249","article-title":"Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in canines: patient selection and reported outcomes","volume":"10","author":"A Nanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.21400","article-title":"Effect of tibial plateau leveling on cranial and caudal tibial thrusts in canine cranial cruciate-deficient stifles: an in vitro experimental study","volume":"30","author":"C C Warzee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13277","article-title":"Extended long-term radiographic and functional comparison of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy vs tibial tuberosity advancement for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog","volume":"49","author":"E V Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12001.x","article-title":"Comparison of long-term outcomes associated with three surgical techniques for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs","volume":"42","author":"S A Christopher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00439.x","article-title":"Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or tibial tuberosity advancement?","volume":"38","author":"R J Boudrieau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00676.x","article-title":"Second look arthroscopic findings after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"39","author":"D Hulse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12574","article-title":"The effect of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) on frontal plane thoracic limb alignment: an ex vivo canine cadaveric study","volume":"45","author":"A H Breiteneicher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12219.x","article-title":"Effect of tibial plateau angle on cranial cruciate ligament strain: an ex vivo study in the dog","volume":"44","author":"K H Haynes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(93)50082-7","article-title":"Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for repair of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the canine","volume":"23","author":"B Slocum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1750316","article-title":"The role of tibial plateau angle in canine cruciate ligament rupture-a review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"A Z Todorovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00147.x","article-title":"The effect of tibial plateau angle on ground reaction forces 4-17 months after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in Labrador Retrievers","volume":"35","author":"D A Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.184","article-title":"Surgical and postoperative complications associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture: 397 cases (1998-2001)","volume":"222","author":"P D Pacchiana","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00663.x","article-title":"Predictive variables for complications after TPLO with stifle inspection by arthrotomy in 1000 consecutive dogs","volume":"39","author":"N Fitzpatrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5326\/0420044","article-title":"Complications associated with 696 tibial plateau leveling osteotomies (2001-2003)","volume":"42","author":"K D Stauffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01018.x","article-title":"Fracture of the patella after TPLO in 6 dogs","volume":"41","author":"S Rutherford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.17221\/128\/2020-VETMED","article-title":"Rock back phenomenon in\u202f32 dogs that underwent tibial plateau levelling osteotomy","volume":"66","author":"E S Souza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Med (Praha)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00391.x","article-title":"Risk factors for tibial tuberosity fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"37","author":"M S Bergh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00844.x","article-title":"Risk factors for fibular fracture after TPLO","volume":"40","author":"J Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04066.x","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical changes of the tibial tuberosity after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"33","author":"D H Kergosien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00175.x","article-title":"Change in tibial plateau angle after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"35","author":"E M Moeller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00389.x","article-title":"Comparison of locking and conventional screws for maintenance of tibial plateau positioning and biomechanical stability after locking tibial plateau leveling osteotomy plate fixation","volume":"37","author":"M Leitner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref22","volume-title":"Effect of Osteotomy and Plate Orientation on Tibial Plateau Rock-back following TPLO Using a Tibial Gap Model [thesis]","author":"E Bula","year":"2021"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00323.x","article-title":"Radiographic measurement of the proximal and distal mechanical joint angles in the canine tibia","volume":"36","author":"D I Dismukes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2002.31041","article-title":"Effect of tibial plateau leveling on stability of the canine cranial cruciate-deficient stifle joint: an in vitro study","volume":"31","author":"U Reif","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20990","article-title":"Effect of fracture gap on stability of compression plate fixation: a finite element study","volume":"28","author":"J K Oh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref26","first-page":"146","article-title":"Area moment of inertia for comparison of implant cross-sectional geometry and bending stiffness","volume":"08","author":"M D Markel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2005.03.005","article-title":"The course of bone healing is influenced by the initial shear fixation stability","volume":"23","author":"H Schell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0044-1787692.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T23:31:36Z","timestamp":1731367896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0044-1787692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1787692","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]}}}