{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:37:29Z","timestamp":1792064249620,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following surgical treatment of distal radius fractures (DRFs) with either a volar locking plate (VLP) or an external fixator (EF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Data from two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were merged and analyzed. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for the occurrence of CRPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 322 patients were included from the two RCTs; 159 patients were operated upon with VLP and 163 patients with EF. CRPS was diagnosed in 6 patients treated with VLP (4%) and in 16 patients receiving EF (11%), overall 22 cases of CRPS (7%). None of the other independent risk factors had a significant influence on the risk for CRPS (all p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Patients treated with an EF had a higher risk of developing CRPS compared to those treated with a VLP. We found no other independent variable predicting CRPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>III.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T19:28:56Z","timestamp":1725478136000},"page":"509-515","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Following Distal Radius Fracture: Does Surgical Method Matter?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8082-9617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine","family":"Ludvigsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Voss hospital, Voss, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8504-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola-Lars","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas Meling","family":"Fevang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9567-6112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kjell","family":"Matre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Hansen","family":"Dybvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Arthroplasty and Hip Fractures, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per-Henrik","family":"Randsborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12033","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: practical diagnostic and treatment guidelines, 4th edition","volume":"14","author":"R N Harden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41152-x","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for complex regional pain syndrome type 1 after surgery for distal radius fractures: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Y H Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.030","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: a narrative review for the practising clinician","volume":"123","author":"H Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h2730","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2730","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"351","author":"S Bruehl","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Budapest criteria for complex regional pain syndrome: the diagnostic challenge","volume":"2","author":"J VLJ Pergolizzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Clin Sci Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.09.008","article-title":"The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based study","volume":"129","author":"M de Mos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-1983-0","article-title":"Incidence of distal radius fracture surgery in Finns aged 50 years or more between 1998 and 2016 - too many patients are yet operated on?","volume":"19","author":"T P Hevonkorpi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B7.33149","article-title":"The operative treatment of fractures of the distal radius is increasing: results from a nationwide Swedish study","volume":"96-B","author":"C Mellstrand-Navarro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2013.792035","article-title":"Epidemiology and changed surgical treatment methods for fractures of the distal radius: a registry analysis of 42,583 patients in Stockholm County, Sweden, 2004\u20132010","volume":"84","author":"M K Wilcke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00014","article-title":"Volar locking plates versus augmented external fixation of intra-articular distal radial fractures: functional results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"O L Hammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00275","article-title":"Surgical treatment of distal radial fractures with external fixation versus volar locking plate: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"103","author":"T Ludvigsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.09.015","article-title":"External fixation versus volar locking plate for unstable dorsally displaced distal radius fractures-a 3-year follow-up of a randomized controlled study","volume":"44","author":"J Saving","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.04.039","article-title":"Volar locking plates versus external fixation and adjuvant pin fixation in unstable distal radius fractures: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"38","author":"J H Williksen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.08.004","article-title":"External fixation for unstable intra-articular distal radial fractures in women older than 55 years. Acceptable functional end results in the majority of the patients despite significant secondary displacement","volume":"36","author":"J H Hegeman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199307000-00010","article-title":"Comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius treated with the Hoffmann external fixator","volume":"35","author":"S Suso","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.06.001","article-title":"Is volar locking plate superior to external fixation for distal radius fractures? A comprehensive meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0012.1-11","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.19.00012","article-title":"Early mobilization and physiotherapy vs. late mobilization and home exercises after ORIF of distal radial fractures: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"S O Clementsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Open Access"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030","article-title":"Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the \u201cBudapest Criteria\u201d) for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome","volume":"150","author":"N R Harden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.01288","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of volar locking plate compared with augmented external fixation for displaced intra-articular wrist fractures","volume":"102","author":"O L Hammer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.026","article-title":"Demographic and medical parameters in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1): prospective study on 596 patients with a fracture","volume":"153","author":"A Beerthuizen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2094-5","article-title":"Factors associated with complex regional pain syndrome type I in patients with surgically treated distal radius fracture","volume":"134","author":"Y H Roh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000070","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome after distal radius fracture is uncommon and is often associated with fibromyalgia","volume":"476","author":"T J Crijns","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318059b993","article-title":"Complications following internal fixation of unstable distal radius fracture with a palmar locking-plate","volume":"21","author":"R Arora","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-785220172505165544","article-title":"Factors associated with complex regional pain syndrome in surgically treated distal radius fracture","volume":"25","author":"J Ortiz-Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"71","article-title":"No higher risk of CRPS after external fixation of distal radial fractures - subgroup analysis under randomised vitamin C prophylaxis","volume":"4","author":"P E Zollinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref26","first-page":"289","article-title":"Over-distraction of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints with external fixation of comminuted distal radial fractures","volume":"21","author":"A Combal\u00eda","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2014.12.002","article-title":"Management of complications of distal radius fractures","volume":"31","author":"A L Mathews","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.07.010","article-title":"External fixation of distal radius fractures: effect of distraction and duration","volume":"34","author":"J T Capo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12610","article-title":"Risk factors for post-treatment complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): an analysis of 647 cases of CRPS from the Danish Patient Compensation Association","volume":"18","author":"P B Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3109\/02844319509050137","article-title":"Fractures of the distal radius in a Norwegian city","volume":"29","author":"L M Hove","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.10.003","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome - False hopes and miscommunications","volume":"18","author":"C Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wrist Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0044-1788323.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T23:37:59Z","timestamp":1763595479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0044-1788323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1788323","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2163-3916","2163-3924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2163-3916","type":"print"},{"value":"2163-3924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]}}}