{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:42:28Z","timestamp":1793410948037,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Reconstr Microsurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Large defects of the lower lip often require free tissue coverage. Fasciocutaneous free flaps have been traditionally used, but innervated muscular free flaps may fundamentally address orbicularis oris deficiency and improve dynamic competence. This review aimed to determine if innervated muscular free flaps provided benefit over fasciocutaneous free flaps for reconstruction of defects of more than 50% of the lower lip. Outcomes of interest included functional oral outcomes including oral competence, aesthetic outcomes, and patient-reported outcome measures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and CENTRAL) were searched for variations of \u201clip\u201d and \u201cfree flap.\u201d Two authors screened articles and included primary research of free flap reconstruction of more than 50% of the lower lip from any etiology in living humans with an English full-text available. Composite bony flaps were excluded. Oral competence and aesthetic satisfaction, reconstruction details, and complications were extracted. Proportional meta-analyses were used to synthesize results for fasciocutaneous free flaps, which were compared with those for muscular free flaps.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Fifty-nine articles describing 242 patients were included. Muscular free flaps reported significantly higher proportional oral competence than fasciocutaneous free flaps (98 vs. 83%, p\u2009=\u20090.01). Aesthetic outcomes (98 vs. 97%, p\u2009=\u20090.22) and complications (17 vs. 18%, p\u2009=\u20090.79) were equivalent between fasciocutaneous and muscular free flaps.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Muscular free flaps may address the fundamental orbicularis oris defect that causes oral incompetence and seem to provide better functional results. Aesthetic outcomes and complications seem to be equivalent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T22:59:13Z","timestamp":1721861953000},"page":"302-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Free Flap Reconstruction of the Lower Lip: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0974-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Murray-Douglass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascalino","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Lip cancer: a 10-year retrospective epidemiological study","volume":"32","author":"M Maruccia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(98)00029-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of cancer of the lip in the Netherlands","volume":"34","author":"J G de Visscher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1095886","article-title":"Lip reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"D Baumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(89)90158-6","article-title":"A compound radial artery forearm flap for the reconstruction of lip and chin defect","volume":"42","author":"S Sakai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199010000-00008","article-title":"Full-thickness cheek and lip reconstruction with the radial forearm free flap","volume":"25","author":"A M Freedman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2.1.53","article-title":"Reconstruction of total lower lip and chin defects using the composite radial forearm: palmaris longus tendon free flap","volume":"2","author":"C M Carroll","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.06.190","article-title":"Outcomes of total or near-total lip reconstruction with microvascular tissue transfer","volume":"69","author":"R Fernandes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199411000-00013","article-title":"Reconstruction of the lips, oral commissure, and full-thickness cheek with a composite radial forearm palmaris longus free flap","volume":"33","author":"S Furuta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199108000-00005","article-title":"Reconstruction of the lower lip and chin with the composite radial forearm-palmaris longus free flap","volume":"88","author":"R C Sadove","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30313","article-title":"Functional lower lip reconstruction with the partial latissimus dorsi muscle free flap without nerve coaptation","volume":"39","author":"\u00d6 \u00d6zkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2003.11.004","article-title":"Total lower lip functional reconstruction with a prefabricated gracilis muscle free flap","volume":"33","author":"B G Lengel\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000258527.99140.fe","article-title":"Lower lip reconstruction: introduction of a new procedure using a functioning gracilis muscle free flap","volume":"119","author":"M Ninkovic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.10.014","article-title":"Functional lower lip reconstruction with a forearm flap combined with a free gracilis muscle transfer","volume":"59","author":"K Ueda","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"J R Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.08.047","article-title":"Appropriate use and reporting of uncontrolled case series in the medical literature","volume":"151","author":"J H Kempen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729756","article-title":"Transformations related to the angular and the square root","volume":"21","author":"M F Freeman","year":"1950","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software","author":"Stata Corp LLC","year":"2019"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-020-00792-x","article-title":"Barrel-shaped design of the forearm free flap for lower lip reconstruction: a pilot case-control study","volume":"20","author":"N-C Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000210663.59939.02","article-title":"Composite anterolateral thigh-fascia lata flap: a good alternative to radial forearm-palmaris longus flap for total lower lip reconstruction","volume":"117","author":"S Yildirim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869409098450","article-title":"Development of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire module to be used in quality of life assessments in head and neck cancer patients","volume":"33","author":"K Bjordal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2017.07.004","article-title":"Total lower lip and chin reconstruction with radial forearm free flap: a novel approach","volume":"38","author":"E H Dewey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008345","article-title":"The use of vastus lateralis muscle flap for functional lip reconstruction","volume":"33","author":"B Lelala","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.01.003","article-title":"Total and near-total lower lip reconstruction: 20 years experience","volume":"43","author":"S Bai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30681","article-title":"Reconstruction of lower lip defects with free super-thin anterolateral thigh flap","volume":"41","author":"Z U Bali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000246738.76848.fe","article-title":"Reconstruction of massive lower lip defect with the composite radial forearm-palmaris longus free flap: empowered static and partial dynamic reconstruction","volume":"18","author":"C Cinar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31818b4515","article-title":"Free radial forearm flap lip reconstruction: a clinical series and case reports of technical refinements","volume":"62","author":"M Daya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2021.02.001","article-title":"Combined karapandzic and radial forearm free flap with dual palmaris longus tendons for complex lip reconstruction","volume":"32","author":"T Freeman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30953","article-title":"Transferring pectoral muscle flap to depleted neck to create a new recipient source for free flaps in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"43","author":"E Gur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.11.001","article-title":"Superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap: identification of the perforator by computed tomography angiography and reconstruction of a complex lower lip defect","volume":"44","author":"Y He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30456","article-title":"Aesthetic single-stage vermilion reconstruction using facial artery musculomucosal flap and radial forearm free flap following cancer resection: a case report","volume":"40","author":"W C Hsieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-023-03789-z","article-title":"A novel technique to convert static sling into a dynamic sling in reconstruction of total lower lip defects using palmaris longus tendon with free radial forearm flap and case series","volume":"75","author":"B K Jaganathan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2018.12.007","article-title":"Traumatic loss of total lower lip and chin: the anterolateral thigh flap provides an optimal solution","volume":"19","author":"L Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000090722.16689.9A","article-title":"Total lower lip reconstruction with a composite radial forearm-palmaris longus tendon flap: a clinical series","volume":"113","author":"S F Jeng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1863","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001863","article-title":"Appraisal of the free ulnar flap versatility in craniofacial soft-tissue reconstruction","volume":"6","author":"R S Kantar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181cf603a","article-title":"Reconstruction of total lower lip defects using radial forearm free flap with subsequent tongue flap","volume":"21","author":"M Keskin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref38","first-page":"905","article-title":"Radial forearm free flap: a dynamic flap for single-staged multiple subunit reconstruction","volume":"69","author":"M U Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20807","article-title":"Functional reconstruction of complex lip and cheek defect with free composite anterolateral thigh flap and vascularized fascia","volume":"30","author":"Y R Kuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199708000-00012","article-title":"Functional reconstruction of total lower lip defects with a radial forearm free flap combined with a depressor anguli oris muscle transfer","volume":"39","author":"H Kushima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20943","article-title":"Reconstruction of the complete loss of upper and lower lips with a chimeric anterolateral thigh flap: a case report","volume":"32","author":"C L Lai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30178","article-title":"More than just the helix: a series of free flaps from the ear","volume":"38","author":"P Lassus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2006.12.010","article-title":"Microvascular reconstruction of extended total lip defects","volume":"104","author":"J Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.21955","article-title":"Simultaneous reconstruction of head and neck defects following tumor resection and trismus release with a single anterolateral thigh donor site utilizing a lateral approach to flap harvest","volume":"32","author":"P Y Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.01.009","article-title":"Standard morphology of the oral commissure and changes resulting from reconstruction for defects involving the commissure","volume":"47","author":"T Makiguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318222836e","article-title":"Reconstruction of large defects of the lips and commissure using a composite radial forearm palmaris longus free flap associated with a lengthening temporalis myoplasty","volume":"69","author":"T Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200305000-00020","article-title":"Total lower lip reconstruction using sensate composite radial forearm flap","volume":"14","author":"R Ozdemir","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-009-0356-1","article-title":"\u201cHammock\u201d reconstruction of full-thickness excised lower lip: a case report","volume":"32","author":"E Ozeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Article Eur J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S68","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003344","article-title":"Microsurgical reconstruction of extensive lower lip defects: an algorithm for free flap selection and functional outcomes","volume":"90","author":"L M Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref50","first-page":"323","article-title":"Lower lip reconstruction after tumor resection; a single author's experience with various methods","volume":"18","author":"M A Rifaat","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Egypt Natl Canc Inst"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27825","article-title":"Innovative insertion of the palmaris major tendon after lower lip reconstruction","volume":"129","author":"A Sahovaler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30546","article-title":"Free-flap reconstruction for full-thickness oral defects involving the oral commissure combined with oral modiolus reconstruction using a fascial sling","volume":"40","author":"K Sasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199702000-00041","article-title":"Total lower lip reconstruction with a sensate composite radial forearm-palmaris longus free flap and a tongue flap","volume":"99","author":"J M Serletti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200045010-00014","article-title":"Functional lip reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap combined with a masseter muscle transfer after wide total excision of the chin","volume":"45","author":"H Shinohara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458286","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/458286","article-title":"Dorsalis pedis free flap: the salvage option following failure of the radial forearm flap in total lower lip reconstruction","volume":"2014","author":"T Stathas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318267bb98","article-title":"Reconstruction of extensive lip and perioral defects after tumor excision","volume":"24","author":"G Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Total reconstruction of lower lip and chin following firework injury using composite bilateral radial forearm-fascia lata flaps: a case report","volume":"23","author":"M M Talanker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1343833","article-title":"Total lower lip reconstruction using free neurotendinofasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh composite flap: a case report","volume":"29","author":"O Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fjs.2011.12.007","article-title":"One-stage reconstruction of large lower lip defect and oral competence with free composite anterolateral thigh-tensor fasciae latae flap","volume":"45","author":"K B Tzeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Formos J Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-007-0106-1","article-title":"Lower lip reconstruction with a radial forearm-palmaris longus free flap and additional \u201ccattle gate\u201d bar of palmaris longus tendon","volume":"29","author":"R IS Winterton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.12.008","article-title":"One-stage reconstruction of a large defect of the lower lip and oral commissure","volume":"58","author":"M Yamauchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/tjps.tjps_98_20","article-title":"Single flap use for synchronous reconstruction of full-thickness upper and lower lip defects due to high-voltage electrical burn","volume":"29","author":"E K Yasar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004331","article-title":"Total lower lip reconstruction with functional gracilis free muscle flap","volume":"29","author":"M A Cakmak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20723","article-title":"Gracilis free muscle transfer for morpho-functional reconstruction of the lower lip","volume":"30","author":"A Cordova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22431","article-title":"Experiences with functional gracilis muscle flap in lower lip reconstruction","volume":"37","author":"O K Coskunfirat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.14980","article-title":"Composite pronator quadratus: radial forearm free flap in functional lip reconstruction","volume":"89","author":"D Grinsell","year":"2019","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.04.026","article-title":"Lip reconstruction using a functioning serratus anterior free flap: preliminary study","volume":"46","author":"A O Gundeslioglu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20090","article-title":"Reconstruction of concomitant total loss of the upper and lower lips with a free vertical rectus abdominis flap","volume":"25","author":"N Jallali","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000008389","article-title":"Dynamic reconstruction of the lower lip with free functioning gracilis muscle transfer","volume":"33","author":"\u0141 Krakowczyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693511","article-title":"Lower lip and chin reconstruction with functional myocutaneous gracilis flap","volume":"52","author":"A Spaggiari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"68","article-title":"Functional reconstruction of soft tissue orofacial defects with microvascular gracilis muscle flap","volume":"62","author":"A Stebel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Chir Plast"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31900","article-title":"Leveraging patient-reported outcomes data to inform oncology clinical decision making: introducing the FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer Module","volume":"125","author":"J R Cracchiolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20050","article-title":"Characteristics of the anterolateral thigh flap in a Western population and its application in head and neck reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"P Yu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Head Neck"}],"container-title":["Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0044-1788543.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T23:28:19Z","timestamp":1744414099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0044-1788543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1788543","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-684X","1098-8947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-684X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]}}}