{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:38:06Z","timestamp":1792791486853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","funder":[{"name":"F. Necker and Dr. M. Scholz"},{"name":"BaCaTeC - Bavaria California Technology Center, Erlangen, Germany","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/010k8ya28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"State of Bavaria, Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01a44gd51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Bavarian Research Institute for Digital Transformation - bidt","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00h539j16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021711","name":"Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Reconstr Microsurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background\u2003Microsurgical breast reconstruction using abdominal tissue is a complex procedure, in part, due to variable vascular\/perforator anatomy. Preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) has mitigated this challenge to some degree; yet it continues to pose certain challenges. The ability to map perforators with Mixed Reality has been demonstrated in case studies, but its accuracy has not been studied intraoperatively. Here, we compare the accuracy of \u201cHoloDIEP\u201d in identifying perforator location (vs. Doppler ultrasound) by using holographic 3D models derived from preoperative CTA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods\u2003Using a custom application on HoloLens, the deep inferior epigastric artery vascular tree was traced in 15 patients who underwent microsurgical breast reconstruction. Perforator markings were compared against the 3D model in a coordinate system centered on the umbilicus. Holographic- and Doppler-identified markings were compared using a perspective-corrected photo technique against the 3D model along with measurement of duration of perforator mapping for each technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003Vascular points in HoloDIEP skin markings were \u22120.97\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2\u2009mm (perforators: \u22120.62\u2009\u00b1\u20096.13\u2009mm) away from 3D-model ground-truth in radial length from the umbilicus at a true distance of 10.81\u2009\u00b1\u20096.14\u2009mm (perforators: 11.40\u2009\u00b1\u20096.15\u2009mm). Absolute difference in radial distance was twice as high for Doppler markings compared with Holo-markings (9.71\u2009\u00b1\u20096.16 and 4.02\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20\u2009mm, respectively). Only in half of all cases (7\/14), more than 50% of the Doppler-identified points were reasonably close (&lt;30\u2009mm) to 3D-model ground-truth. HoloDIEP was twice as fast as Doppler ultrasound (76.9s vs. 150.4\u2009s per abdomen).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003HoloDIEP allows for faster and more accurate intraoperative perforator mapping than Doppler ultrasound.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T18:42:06Z","timestamp":1721673726000},"page":"318-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["HoloDIEP\u2014Faster and More Accurate Intraoperative DIEA Perforator Mapping Using a Novel Mixed Reality Tool"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian N.","family":"Necker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford IMMERS (Incubator for Medical Mixed and Extended Reality at Stanford), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"},{"name":"Digital Anatomy Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Cholok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford IMMERS (Incubator for Medical Mixed and Extended Reality at Stanford), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7760-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Gifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, 3D and Quantitative Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Januszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4564-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph W.","family":"Leuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford IMMERS (Incubator for Medical Mixed and Extended Reality at Stanford), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8440-6785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Anatomy Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford IMMERS (Incubator for Medical Mixed and Extended Reality at Stanford), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6452-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Momeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.14186","article-title":"A comprehensive literature review of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) among common breast reconstruction options: what types of breast reconstruction score well?","volume":"27","author":"S Char","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006720","article-title":"Outcome of quality of life 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Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002664","article-title":"Autologous breast reconstruction trends in the united states: using the nationwide inpatient sample database","volume":"87","author":"H Masoomi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4777","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08903-x","article-title":"National trends in immediate breast reconstruction: an analysis of implant-based versus autologous reconstruction after mastectomy","volume":"27","author":"A D Mandelbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","first-page":"248","article-title":"Breast reconstruction with the free TRAM or DIEP flap \u2013 What is the current standard? 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Pellegrin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.12.011","article-title":"Preoperative planning of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap reconstruction with multislice-CT angiography: imaging findings and initial experience","volume":"59","author":"A Alonso-Burgos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20557","article-title":"Three-dimensional CT angiography: a new technique for imaging microvascular anatomy","volume":"20","author":"W M Rozen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181c4948b","article-title":"Computed tomographic angiography with VirSSPA three-dimensional software for perforator navigation improves perioperative 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