{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:40:46Z","timestamp":1780508446653,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a rare postoperative complication following thyroidectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003This study aimed to assess the clinicodemographic factors associated with the development of UTIs and subsequent outcomes among patients undergoing thyroidectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003This retrospective study used the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to analyze patients who underwent thyroidectomy from 2005 to 2019. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors and associations of UTIs with postoperative morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003In a cohort of 180,373 identified thyroidectomy patients, 0.28% contracted a UTI. Significant risk factors associated with UTIs included age\u2009&gt;\u200960 years (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.187, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.618\u20132.956), female gender (OR 1.767, 95% CI 1.372\u20132.278), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification 3 to 5 (OR 1.463, 95% CI 1.185\u20131.805), partially (OR 4.267, 95% CI 2.510\u20137.253) or totally dependent functional health status (OR 9.658, 95% CI 4.170\u201322.370), pulmonary disease (OR1.907, 95% CI 1.295\u20132.808), chronic steroid therapy (OR 1.649, 95% CI 1.076\u20132.527), inpatient procedure (OR 1.507, 95% CI 1.251\u20131.814), and operative time\u2009&gt;\u2009150\u2009minutes (OR 1.449, 95% CI 1.027\u20132.044). Additionally, UTIs were independently associated with postoperative complications, including pulmonary, vascular, or cardiac complication; stroke; acute renal failure; infectious complications; sepsis; septic shock; pneumonia; prolonged length of stay; unplanned reoperation; and mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003While UTIs are rare after thyroidectomy, they carry a significant burden on patient outcomes. Preoperative optimization of comorbidities and reducing operative times may help mitigate the risk of UTIs. Optimized care for postoperative UTI patients is also recommended to prevent complications and improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T23:38:38Z","timestamp":1736552318000},"page":"001-010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Urinary Tract Infections among Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: Insights from the ACS-NSQIP"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-5810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usama","family":"Waqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1528-2779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warda","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoha Zahid","family":"Fazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5481-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Areeb","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3266-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haissan","family":"Iftikhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rhinology, and Skull Base, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3512-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afsheen","family":"Ziauddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3911-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Akbar","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.110","article-title":"The changing incidence of thyroid cancer","volume":"12","author":"C M Kitahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5752","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005752","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative complications in total thyroidectomy: A retrospective, risk-adjusted analysis from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program","volume":"96","author":"L Caulley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2014.03.015","article-title":"Risk factors for hematoma after thyroidectomy: results from 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