{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T16:18:18Z","timestamp":1740154698022,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Radiol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003The aims of this study are to compare the multiphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) characteristics of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with nodular HCC and to assess the conspicuity of infiltrative HCC on different phases of CECT.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003This retrospective study comprised consecutive treatment-naive cirrhotic patients diagnosed with infiltrative and nodular HCC between January 2020 and December 2021 based on a multiphasic CECT (comprising arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases). The diagnosis of HCC was based on the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 criteria (LR-4 and LR-5 lesions). Infiltrative HCCs are characterized by large, irregular, permeative lesions spread over multiple liver segments or lobes. Nodular HCCs comprise well-defined tumor nodules. Two radiologists independently reviewed all CT images. Additionally, lesion conspicuity on the arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases was assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003One hundred fifty-eight patients (117 nodular and 41 infiltrative HCCs; mean age: 55.6\u2009\u00b1\u200917.2 years; 90 [56.9%] males) were included. Arterial phase hyperenhancement, portal venous\/delayed phase washout, and delayed phase enhancing capsule were significantly associated with nodular HCCs (p\u2009=\u20090.002, 0.0001, and &lt;0.0001, respectively). Portal vein, hepatic vein thrombosis, biliary dilatation, and ascites were significantly associated with infiltrative HCCs (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, 0.004, &lt;0.0001, and 0.003, respectively). The interobserver agreement for the conspicuity of infiltrative HCC was the highest for the delayed phase (weighted kappa\u2009=\u20090.611).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Infiltrative HCCs show the major LI-RADS features less frequently compared with nodular HCCs, and venous thrombosis is an important clue to the diagnosis. The delayed phase of multiphasic CECT is critical to identifying these lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1789191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T23:06:20Z","timestamp":1723676780000},"page":"067-072","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiphasic Computed Tomography Enhancement Characteristics and Utility of Delayed Phase in Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tarvinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandita","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3914-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pankaj","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mudita","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 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Singal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.020","article-title":"Accuracy of the liver imaging reporting and data system in computed tomography and magnetic resonance image analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma or overall malignancy: a systematic review","volume":"156","author":"C B van der Pol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and 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