{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:00:20Z","timestamp":1789675220107,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","funder":[{"name":"This study was funded by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.","award":["T32 AR07534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AR07534"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Reprod Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that more commonly affects women, including many women during the childbearing years. This can make management challenging for practitioners involved in the care of these patients. This review article will discuss the available data and expert recommendations pertaining to women with RA who are pregnant or planning pregnancy. Herein, we will consider pregnancy complications associated with RA, the benefits of maintaining low disease activity prior to conception and throughout pregnancy, flare management during pregnancy, ensuring pregnancy-compatible medications to treat RA, and the reduced rates of fertility in patients with RA. While research in this area has greatly expanded over the past decade, it continues to be an area where more research is needed to best support women with RA as they navigate pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1790255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:23:07Z","timestamp":1730161387000},"page":"169-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pregnancy: Managing Disease Activity and Fertility Concerns"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Marcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn","family":"Zell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2563-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Kristen","family":"Demoruelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27425","article-title":"Is the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis rising? Results from Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1955-2007","volume":"62","author":"E Myasoedova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","first-page":"1078","article-title":"The incidence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis, results from a county register in Oslo, Norway","volume":"25","author":"T Uhlig","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2310178","article-title":"What is rheumatoid arthritis?","volume":"390","author":"E M Gravallese","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42686","article-title":"The changing paradigm of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"76","author":"M K Demoruelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead513","article-title":"Effects of oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"63","author":"F Hadizadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211620","article-title":"Oral contraceptives, breastfeeding and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Swedish EIRA study","volume":"76","author":"C Orellana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350205","article-title":"Timing of pregnancy in relation to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"35","author":"A Silman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.115964","article-title":"Postpartum onset of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic arthritides: results from a patient register linked to a medical birth registry","volume":"69","author":"M Wallenius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref9","first-page":"145","article-title":"Pregnancy and autoimmune disease","volume":"119","author":"W M Merz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","first-page":"9","article-title":"High rate of preterm birth in pregnancies complicated by rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"E S Langen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38874","article-title":"Fetal growth and preterm birth in children exposed to maternal or paternal rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"66","author":"A L Rom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1498835","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective population-based cohort study","volume":"33","author":"H Aljary","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34131","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000034131","article-title":"Association between pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"L Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002445","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002445","article-title":"Risk of pre-eclampsia and impact of disease activity and antirheumatic treatment in women with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondylarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: a collaborative matched cohort study from Sweden and Denmark","volume":"8","author":"A EP Secher","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02837-3","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of postpartum psychiatric disorders: a Nordic population-based cohort study","volume":"21","author":"M Luan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2023-0105","article-title":"Postpartum depression in reproductive-age women with and without rheumatic disease: a population-based matched cohort study","volume":"50","author":"D Shridharmurthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac223","article-title":"Birth weight, gestational age, and risk of cardiovascular disease in early adulthood: influence of familial factors","volume":"192","author":"D Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","first-page":"59","article-title":"Anti-Ro\/SSA antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and immunologic associations","volume":"24","author":"I Cavazzana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8653-0","article-title":"Neonatal systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome: a comprehensive review","volume":"53","author":"F Vanoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21663","article-title":"Obstetric hospitalizations in the United States for women with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"54","author":"E F Chakravarty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000045","article-title":"Disease activity or remission of rheumatoid arthritis before, during and following pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"Y A de Man","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140583","article-title":"Disease severity and pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy Project","volume":"42","author":"B Bharti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23621","article-title":"Patient-reported disease activity and adverse pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"71","author":"N Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887462","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.887462","article-title":"Stopping bDMARDs at the beginning of pregnancy is associated with disease flares and preterm delivery in women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"M C Gerardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3711","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab894","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in relation to disease activity and anti-rheumatic treatment strategies in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a matched cohort study from Sweden and Denmark","volume":"61","author":"K Hellgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez405","article-title":"Oral corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of preterm birth","volume":"59","author":"K Palmsten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23730","article-title":"Factors associated with preterm delivery among women with rheumatoid arthritis and women with juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"71","author":"C JF Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41191","article-title":"2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the management of reproductive health in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"72","author":"L R Sammaritano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22773","article-title":"Measuring disease activity and functionality during pregnancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"57","author":"Y A de Man","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref30","first-page":"2224","article-title":"DAS28(3)CRP is a reliable measure of disease activity in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"41","author":"C Raine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2022.02.009","article-title":"Pregnancy and management in women with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"48","author":"A Castro-Gutierrez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24003","article-title":"Disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy: results from a nationwide prospective study","volume":"59","author":"Y A de Man","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"w13644","article-title":"Pregnancy mediated improvement of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"142","author":"F F\u00f6rger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1269-1","article-title":"Risk factors for flare and treatment of disease flares during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis patients","volume":"19","author":"S van den Brandt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2013.05.006","article-title":"Evaluation and management of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"M Barbhaiya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.103","article-title":"Management of RA medications in pregnant patients","volume":"5","author":"M \u00d8stensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24914","article-title":"Association of higher rheumatoid arthritis disease activity during pregnancy with lower birth weight: results of a national prospective study","volume":"60","author":"Y A de Man","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez478","article-title":"Perinatal use and discontinuation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biologics in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study","volume":"59","author":"N Rebi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003755","article-title":"Rheumatologic medication use during pregnancy","volume":"135","author":"E A Peterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2019.09.003","article-title":"Contraception and preconception counseling in women with autoimmune disease","volume":"64","author":"L R Sammaritano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000710","article-title":"Antirheumatic medications in pregnancy and breastfeeding","volume":"32","author":"M Birru Talabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev405","article-title":"BSR and BHPR guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding-Part II: analgesics and other drugs used in rheumatology practice","volume":"55","author":"J Flint","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev404","article-title":"BSR and BHPR guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding-Part I: standard and biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids","volume":"55","author":"J Flint","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12860","article-title":"Safety of anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis in pregnancy and lactation","volume":"19","author":"G S Ngian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205383","article-title":"Fertility in women with rheumatoid arthritis: influence of disease activity and medication","volume":"74","author":"J Brouwer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.8.880","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a possible cause for reversible infertility","volume":"39","author":"L L Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.05.003","article-title":"No evidence of adverse pregnancy outcome after exposure to ibuprofen in the first trimester - evaluation of the national Embryotox cohort","volume":"79","author":"K Dathe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04986-4","article-title":"Fetal adverse effects following NSAID or metamizole exposure in the 2nd and 3rd trimester: an evaluation of the German Embryotox cohort","volume":"22","author":"K Dathe","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1G428","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during third trimester and the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus: a meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"G Koren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000054","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for the management of rheumatoid arthritis before and during pregnancy","volume":"26","author":"B L Bermas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1957","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction","volume":"8","author":"M \u00d8stensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9926(200012)62:6<385::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies","volume":"62","author":"L Park-Wyllie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.045","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine to prevent recurrent congenital heart block in fetuses of anti-SSA\/Ro-positive mothers","volume":"76","author":"P Izmirly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06496-2","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine significantly decreases the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with autoimmune disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11240","article-title":"Tough choices: exploring medication decision-making during pregnancy and lactation among women with inflammatory arthritis","volume":"3","author":"M Birru Talabi","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.09.007","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine early in pregnancy and risk of birth defects","volume":"224","author":"K F Huybrechts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42015","article-title":"Birth outcomes in women who have taken hydroxycholoroquine during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study","volume":"74","author":"C D Chambers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000651","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2021-000651","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in the pregnancies of women with lupus: a meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"9","author":"M EB Clowse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"keae168","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae168","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in lupus or rheumatoid arthritis pregnancy and risk of major congenital malformations: a population-based cohort study","author":"N V Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa592","article-title":"Fetal safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use during pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"60","author":"N W Andersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722511","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.722511","article-title":"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes using real-world evidence","volume":"12","author":"A B\u00e9rard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e501","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00215-1","article-title":"Global comment on the use of hydroxychloroquine during the periconception period and pregnancy in women with autoimmune diseases","volume":"5","author":"K Schreiber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.027","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy clinical care pathway: a report from the American Gastroenterological Association IBD Parenthood Project Working Group","volume":"220","author":"U Mahadevan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208840","article-title":"The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation","volume":"75","author":"C G\u00f6testam Skorpen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003739","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003739","article-title":"Medication utilisation trends during pregnancy and factors influencing adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"10","author":"Y J Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.05.066","article-title":"Fetal methotrexate syndrome: a systematic review of case reports","volume":"87","author":"E A Verberne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002412","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002412","article-title":"Impact of rheumatoid arthritis and methotrexate on pregnancy outcomes: retrospective cohort study of the Italian Society for Rheumatology","volume":"8","author":"A Zanetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000055","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis medications and lactation","volume":"26","author":"L R Sammaritano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34419","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to leflunomide before or during pregnancy","volume":"64","author":"M Cassina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03162.x","article-title":"Birth outcome in women treated with azathioprine or mercaptopurine during pregnancy: a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"25","author":"V Langagergaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221036","article-title":"Analysing cord blood levels of TNF inhibitors to validate the EULAR points to consider for TNF inhibitor use during pregnancy","volume":"81","author":"N Ghalandari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25045","article-title":"2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for vaccinations in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"75","author":"A R Bass","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21593","article-title":"Effects of infertility, pregnancy loss, and patient concerns on family size of women with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"M E Clowse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21859","article-title":"Childbearing decisions and family size among women with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"55","author":"P P Katz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg079","article-title":"Effects of rheumatoid arthritis on sexual activity and relationships","volume":"42","author":"J Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24130","article-title":"2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the management of reproductive health in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases","volume":"72","author":"L R Sammaritano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214619","article-title":"Decreased chance of a live born child in women with rheumatoid arthritis after assisted reproduction treatment: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"78","author":"B M N\u00f8rg\u00e5rd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Reproductive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0044-1790255.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T23:52:24Z","timestamp":1734047544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0044-1790255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1790255","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-8004","1526-4564"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-8004","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4564","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}}}