{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T20:24:40Z","timestamp":1770236680116,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Homeopathy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study presents and analyzes the content of an online Evidence Gap Map (EGM), \u201cClinical Effectiveness of Homeopathy, 1st Edition\u201d, which graphically represents evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of human clinical trials in homeopathy that were published from 1991 to 2021. The EGM was built according to the guidelines of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), adapted for complex interventions, to represent visually relevant evidence and research gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The interventions, classified as rows, are characterized in the EGM not only by the homeopathic therapeutic strategy but also by individual medicines and potencies. The outcomes are listed in columns. The associations between both are represented by \u201cbubbles\u201d that refer to the corresponding SRs and whose colors indicate their quality level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>From 239 citations identified, 51 SRs underwent complete characterization for the final construction of the EGM. A further in-depth quality analysis of each SR was performed to list the studied intervention\/outcome associations described in each mentioned trial. At this step, those trials considered to have a high risk of bias by the authors of each SR were excluded from the EGM inputs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The methodological quality of each of the EGM's SRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 criteria for level of confidence in an SR's results. Intervention\u2013outcome associations were categorized into one of five effects of a homeopathic intervention: positive, potentially positive, ineffective, inconclusive, or negative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The EGM presents research evidence across a wide range of medical conditions, with substantial heterogeneity of homeopathic interventions and clinical outcomes. Forty-two of the 51 SRs yielded inconclusive findings. AMSTAR-2 analysis identified seven high-quality SRs, in which reliable primary studies presenting positive or potentially positive results for different categories of homeopathy are cited and related to specific clinical conditions: fibromyalgia, otitis media, diarrhea, respiratory infections, menopausal syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The EGM \u201cClinical Effectiveness of Homeopathy, 1st Edition\u201d presents visually relevant research evidence that is scattered across a large number of medical conditions, showing substantial heterogeneity of homeopathic interventions, clinical outcomes, and research quality. To enhance the precision and relevance of future research, we recommend that the individualized homeopathic approach under investigation be standardized to the greatest extent feasible, and to use measures of well-being and quality of life as primary outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1791490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T18:55:31Z","timestamp":1735066531000},"page":"261-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Presentation and Analysis of the Online Evidence Gap Map, \u201cClinical Effectiveness of Homeopathy\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9850-9491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leoni V.","family":"Bonamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, University Paulista\u2014UNIP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ubiratan C.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos\u2014UFSCAR, S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgard C. de","family":"Vilhena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Santo Amaro University\u2014UNISA, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla Holandino","family":"Quaresma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00e1rmacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro\u2014UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Passos de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00e1rmacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro\u2014UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ednar N.","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, University Paulista\u2014UNIP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Alagoas\u2014UFAL, Macei\u00f3, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge K.","family":"Hosomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen Veronica M.","family":"Abdala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade\/Pan-American Health Organization\u2014BIREME\/PAHO, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana C.","family":"Schveitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014UNIFESP, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caio F.S.","family":"Portella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ghelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health\u2014CABSIN, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1402","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1402","article-title":"PROTOCOL: Methods used in the development, production and updating of evidence and gap maps: a scoping review","volume":"20","author":"F Campbell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"M J Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2015.02.002","article-title":"Cell sensitivity, non-linearity and inverse effects","volume":"104","author":"P Bellavite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559325815626685","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325815626685","article-title":"Effects of extreme dilutions of Apis mellifica preparations on gene expression profiles of human cells","volume":"14","author":"E Bigagli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1855-2","article-title":"Dose-effect study of Gelsemium sempervirens in high dilutions on anxiety-related responses in mice","volume":"210","author":"P Magnani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716367","article-title":"Silicea terra and Zincum metallicum modulate the activity of macrophages challenged with BCG in vitro","volume":"110","author":"S AG Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.05.010","article-title":"The development methods of official GRADE articles and requirements for claiming the use of GRADE \u2013 A statement by the GRADE guidance group","volume":"159","author":"H J Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","article-title":"Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?","volume":"17","author":"A R Jadad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.15.1987","article-title":"The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials","volume":"285","author":"D Moher","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"368","article-title":"Reporting data on homeopathic treatments (RedHot): a supplement to CONSORT","volume":"13","author":"M E Dean","year":"2006","journal-title":"Forsch Komplement Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02313-2","article-title":"Efficacy of homoeopathic treatment: systematic review of meta-analyses of randomised placebo-controlled homoeopathy trials for any indication","volume":"12","author":"H J Hamre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.01.014","article-title":"Homeopathic medicine Cantharis modulates uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)-induced cystitis in susceptible mice","volume":"92","author":"C de Paula Coelho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9478","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119478","article-title":"Highly diluted glyphosate mitigates its effects on Artemia salina: physicochemical implications","volume":"24","author":"M YDO Nagai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0233064","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233064","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of Catarina scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) juveniles treated with highly-diluted immunomodulatory compounds reveals activation of non-self-recognition system","volume":"15","author":"J A L\u00f3pez-Carvallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2016.04.002","article-title":"Homeopathic treatments modify inflammation but not behavioral response to influenza antigen challenge in BALB\/c mice","volume":"105","author":"C M Siqueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2015.02.006","article-title":"Homeopathic medicines for prevention of influenza and acute respiratory tract infections in children: blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"105","author":"C M Siqueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Homeopathy"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.08.082","article-title":"A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial comparing antibody responses to homeopathic and conventional vaccines in university students","volume":"36","author":"M Loeb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.03.022","article-title":"Homeopathic nosodes are not vaccines","volume":"38","author":"J E Eizayaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200102000-00012","article-title":"Homeopathic treatment of acute otitis media in children: a preliminary randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"J Jacobs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2014.0189","article-title":"Efficacy of a homeopathic complex on acute viral tonsillitis","volume":"20","author":"E Malapane","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Altern Complement Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.10.013","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a homeopathic syrup in the treatment of cold symptoms in young children","volume":"29","author":"J Jacobs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-005-1735-7","article-title":"Homeopathic treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial","volume":"164","author":"H Frei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"2230","article-title":"Treatment of irritable colon. A multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind study in general practice","volume":"26","author":"V W Rahlfs","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1103859","article-title":"Asa foetida in the treatment of the irritable colon: a double-blind trial","volume":"104","author":"V W Rahlfs","year":"1979","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh111","article-title":"Improved clinical status in fibromyalgia patients treated with individualized homeopathic remedies versus placebo","volume":"43","author":"I R Bell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.5.719","article-title":"Treatment of acute childhood diarrhea with homeopathic medicine: a randomized clinical trial in Nicaragua","volume":"93","author":"J Jacobs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2165\/11640240-000000000-00000","article-title":"Efficacy of a non-hormonal treatment, BRN-01, on menopausal hot flashes: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"J C Colau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.homp.2011.08.003","article-title":"Randomized controlled pilot study to compare Homeopathy and Conventional therapy in Acute Otitis Media","volume":"101","author":"M N Sinha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Homeopathy"}],"container-title":["Homeopathy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0044-1791490.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T22:30:59Z","timestamp":1761258659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0044-1791490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1791490","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-4916","1476-4245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-4916","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]}}}