{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T16:46:55Z","timestamp":1775753215872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the most common vestibular disorders and its diagnosis is based entirely on clinical features. A recent case series suggested a possible link between migraines and convergence insufficiency.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To compare the near point of convergence (NPC) in patients with and without VM.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We retrospectively reviewed the data of 50 patients with and 50 without VM, comparing the NPC between both groups. The NPC was measured according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Differences in the results between groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney test. The association of the NPC with age, gender, and the use of corrective glasses or contact lenses was evaluated by the Student t or Mann-Whitney tests for parametric and nonparametric data, respectively. To determine the diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut-off point, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean NPC was significantly higher in patients with VM (18.50\u2009\u00b1\u20095.88\u2009cm) compared to the control group (8.06\u2009\u00b1\u20091.46\u2009cm; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.986 (95% CI: 0.938\u20130.999; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), suggesting that NPC was able to accurately discriminate between patients with and without VM with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100%.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Our results suggest that convergence insufficiency is a common sign in patients with VM and may be considered a potential clinical biomarker. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1791643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:41:41Z","timestamp":1738802501000},"page":"001-004","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Near Point of Convergence in Patients with Vestibular Migraine"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3205-7151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Carlos Zuma e","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cl\u00ednica Maia, Canoas, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7722-3016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo Faria","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria, ES, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8731-8908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roseli Saraiva Moreira","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otoneurology, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (HCFMUSP), S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0830-7256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Valerio Rodrigues","family":"Cal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centro Universit\u00e1rio do Estado do Par\u00e1 (CESUPA), Bel\u00e9m, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1893-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel Almeida","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0067-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Luiz Mangabeira","family":"Albernaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"08","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001900","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Vestibular Migraine: A Population-based Survey Study","volume":"39","author":"E J Formeister","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2012-0453","article-title":"Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria","volume":"22","author":"T Lempert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vestibular migraine: Diagnostic criteria1","volume":"32","author":"T Lempert","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3368\/aoj.64.1.112","article-title":"Convergence insufficiency associated with migraine: a case series","volume":"64","author":"E L Singman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Orthopt J"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.10.1336","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children","volume":"126","author":"Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial Study 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Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2009-0343","article-title":"Classification of vestibular symptoms: towards an international classification of vestibular disorders","volume":"19","author":"A Bisdorff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"}],"container-title":["International Archives of 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