{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:40:07Z","timestamp":1736988007827,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003The movement disorder known as hemifacial spasm is characterized by involuntary contractions of the muscles that are innervated by the facial nerve. The treatment of choice for this condition is botulinum toxin injections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To analyze the botulinum toxin dosage in patients undergoing treatment for hemifacial spasm during a 14-year period.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A retrospective study of medical records from patients treated at the Neurology Service of Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, from 2010 to 2024, was performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 151 patients met the inclusion criteria. The dose of botulinum toxin revealed a statistically significant increase during the first 3.46 years of follow-up. In the long-term, a trend toward dose stabilization was identified. The median latency for the onset of effect was 4 days, while the median duration of effect was 3 months. All side effects were temporary, with the most common being hemifacial weakness (17.9%) and palpebral ptosis (3.3%). Most patients presented primary hemifacial spasm (88.1%), with a neurovascular conflict identified in 24.1% of cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The increase in botulinum toxin dosage during the first years may be explained by dosage adjustment to control hemifacial spasm with the lowest possible doses. A prolonged interval between applications may also be associated with this increase. Dose stabilization tends to be achieved over time, indicating disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1793935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T23:30:21Z","timestamp":1736983821000},"page":"001-008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dosage of botulinum toxin in patients undergoing treatment for hemifacial spasm: is there modification during follow-up?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4766-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima de Menezes","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Natal RN, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4119-7599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Olobardi","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Natal RN, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2937-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ag\u00e1bio Di\u00f3genes","family":"Pessoa Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Alberto Santos Dumont, Ambulat\u00f3rio Multiprofissional de Doen\u00e7a de Parkinson, Maca\u00edba RN, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-1633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9cio de Oliveira","family":"Godeiro J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Natal RN, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3311-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Alencar e","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Onofre Lopes, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Natal RN, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-282X2007000500009","article-title":"Clinical assessment of patients with primary and postparalytic hemifacial spasm: a retrospective study","volume":"65","author":"A C Felicio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.236959","article-title":"Clinical features and response to botulinum toxin in 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