{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:38:32Z","timestamp":1789843112242,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016714","name":"University of Sharjah","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2101100145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2101100145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016714","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-\u03b1 (HIF-1\u03b1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in radicular cysts and periapical granulomas, thereby contributing to the understanding of their potential significance in the differential diagnosis and treatment of these lesions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003In the present cross-sectional study, 51 samples of periapical lesions were included. Of them, 24 samples were radicular cysts, and 27 samples were periapical granulomas. Samples were immunohistochemically analyzed for HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF proteins expression. Chi-square tests and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient tests were used to detect differences and correlations among the parameters, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003In radicular cysts, HIF-1\u03b1 expression was absent in 1 (4.2%), weak in 5 (20.8%), mild in 7 (29.2%), and strong in 11 (45.8%) cases, while VEGF expression was absent in 1 (4.2%), weak in 6 (25.0%), mild in 9 (37.5%), and strong in 8 (33.3%) of the cases; nevertheless, in periapical granulomas, HIF-1\u03b1 expression was absent in 8 (29.6%), weak in 6 (22.2%), mild in 9 (33.3%), and strong in 4 (14.8%) of the cases, whereas VEGF expression was absent in 4 (14.8%), weak in 16 (59.3%), mild in 4 (14.8%), and strong in 3 (11.1%) of the cases. Chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the expression of HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF between radicular cysts and periapical granuloma (chi-square test\u2009=\u20098.906, p\u2009=\u20090.031; chi-square test\u2009=\u200910.401, p\u2009=\u20090.015, respectively). Spearman's correlation test showed a significant correlation between HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF in the total samples of both radicular cysts and periapical granulomas (rho\u2009=\u20090.385, p\u2009=\u20090.005).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003There is high expression of both HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF throughout the odontogenic epithelium and connective tissue of the radicular cyst and periapical granuloma. Both HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF are more highly expressed in radicular cysts than in periapical granulomas. These findings may aid in the diagnosis and management of suspected periapical lesions, suggesting that radicular cysts exhibit more advanced hypoxic conditions and associated pathways compared with periapical granulomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1795078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:19:53Z","timestamp":1733876393000},"page":"531-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Expression of HIF-1\u03b1 and VEGF in Radicular Cysts and Periapical Granulomas"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1986-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Amjed","family":"Alsaegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8097-6024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shishir Ram","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-1429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Okba","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center for Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6793-9344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudhir Rama","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center for Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-0899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa Muayad","family":"Altaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Precision Medicine, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7414-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surendra Singh","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Research and Graduate Studies, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-018-0015-0","article-title":"Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 attenuates periapical inflammation and bone loss","volume":"10","author":"K Hirai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref2","first-page":"e125","article-title":"The roles of autophagy and hypoxia in human inflammatory periapical lesions","volume":"51","author":"H Y 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