{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:15:20Z","timestamp":1787004920438,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective\u2003A prognathic mandible, characterized by the anterior protrusion of the mandible, is often associated with skeletal class III malocclusion. Polymorphisms rs6180, rs6182, and rs6184 in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene are thought to influence the development of this condition among various races. This study explores the link between these GHR gene polymorphisms and class III skeletal malocclusion in individuals with prognathic mandibles within the Deutero-Malay race.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and Methods\u2003Saliva samples from 104 participants were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. The association between GHR polymorphisms and malocclusion phenotype was examined using the chi-square statistical method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003Significant differences were observed in the rs6180 AC and CC genotypes between control and outcome groups, with a p-value of 0.023 and an odds ratio of 1.667, suggesting a notable association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Discussion\u2003The rs6180 polymorphism in the GHR gene appears to alter protein structure and function, promoting mandibular growth in the anteroposterior direction among the Deutero-Malay race.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003The rs6180 polymorphism in the GHR gene is significantly associated with the occurrence of skeletal class III malocclusion accompanied by prognathic mandibles in the Deutero-Malay race.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1801279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T18:36:03Z","timestamp":1746124563000},"page":"784-792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms (rs6180, rs6182, rs6184) with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion and Prognathic Mandibles in the Deutero-Malay Race"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9010-1934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seto Adiantoro","family":"Sadputranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ani Melani","family":"Maskoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3770-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avi","family":"Laviana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endang","family":"Sjamsudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5005-8081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arlette S.","family":"Setiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4236\/ojepi.2012.24012","article-title":"Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"D K Hardy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"8","article-title":"An overview of class III malocclusion: prevalence, etiology, and management","volume":"7","author":"M Jaradat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"648","volume-title":"Orthodontics: The Art and Science","author":"S I Bhalajhi","year":"2012","edition":"5th Edition"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003287","article-title":"Genetic etiology in nonsyndromic mandibular prognathism","volume":"28","author":"H Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Class III malocclusion: role of nature and nurture","volume":"9","author":"S Chaturvedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virtual J Orthod"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00035","article-title":"The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of receptor activation, cell signaling, and physiological aspects","volume":"9","author":"F Dehkhoda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601509010001","article-title":"Growth hormone and craniofacial tissues. 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