{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T07:41:17Z","timestamp":1775806877374,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Stapedotomy is the standard of care in the surgical management of clinical otosclerosis. It is a precise and technically demanding craft requiring impeccable surgical skills. Both conventional and laser-assisted procedures aim to achieve closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) with minimum collateral damage.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To compare the postoperative outcomes of conventional stapes surgery and CO2 laser-assisted surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 74 adult patients who underwent stapedotomy at our center. The patients were divided into two groups for comparison: the \u201ccold steel method\u201d (CSM) group, which was composed of patients who had undergone conventional stapedotomy (manual microperforators\/hand-held microdrill); and the \u201cCO2 laser-assisted\u201d (LA) group. The postoperative outcomes assessed at 3 and 6 months in both groups were analyzed and compared. The average operative time and complications of both groups were also compared.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The hearing outcomes presented statistically significant postoperative improvement in both groups. The LA group presented statistically significant better air conduction thresholds at 3 and 6 months (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The ABG and its degree of closure were statistically better at 3 months in the LA group; however, the difference became insignificant at 6 months. Transient vertigo was more common in the LA group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There was no new sensorineural hearing loss in either group. The operative time was longer in the LA group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003In experienced hands, both conventional and laser techniques can be used with equal ease and expectation of better outcomes. The CO2 laser is not an indispensable tool to achieve good surgical results on a routine basis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1801315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T23:57:14Z","timestamp":1737590234000},"page":"001-006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CO2 Laser Technique versus Cold Steel: Is CO2 Laser Required as a Surgical Tool for Flawless Stapes Surgery?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Vikas","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Army College of Medical Sciences, Brar Square, Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5860-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anandita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Army College of Medical Sciences, Brar Square, Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Army College of Medical Sciences, Brar Square, Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2017.11.015","article-title":"Prevention and Management of Complications in Otosclerosis Surgery","volume":"51","author":"P J Antonelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Forty years of stapes surgery","volume":"19","author":"J J Shea Jr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70046-3","article-title":"Hearing loss as a complication of stapes surgery","volume":"115","author":"W J Mann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000235311.80066.df","article-title":"Surgical findings and long-term hearing results in 3,050 stapedotomies for primary otosclerosis: a prospective study with the otology-neurotology database","volume":"27","author":"R Vincent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486209126953","article-title":"Sensorineural hearing loss following stapedectomy","volume":"54","author":"H F Schuknecht","year":"1962","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1053\/ajot.2000.8380","article-title":"Comparison of argon and CO2 laser stapedotomy in primary otosclerosis surgery","volume":"21","author":"C A Buchman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900100509","article-title":"Lasers for otosclerosis\u2013which one if any and why","volume":"10","author":"S G Lesinski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198906001-00002","article-title":"CO2 laser for otosclerosis: safe energy parameters","volume":"99","author":"S G Lesinski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215115001280","article-title":"Lasers in stapes surgery: a review","volume":"129","author":"E Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1159\/000066079","article-title":"Functional results in stapedotomy with and without CO(2) laser","volume":"64","author":"G Motta","year":"2002","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05415-7","article-title":"Is one of these two techniques: CO2 laser versus microdrill assisted stapedotomy results in better post-operative hearing outcome?","volume":"276","author":"N M Altamami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2013.12.014","article-title":"Laser versus non-laser stapedotomy in otosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"L Fang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06117-1","article-title":"Laser vs drill for footplate fenestration during stapedotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of hearing results","volume":"278","author":"R Bartel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819855055","article-title":"Variations in Stapes Surgery Cost within a Multihospital Network","volume":"161","author":"G C Casazza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0044-1801315.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T23:57:28Z","timestamp":1737590248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0044-1801315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s00441801315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1801315","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}}}