{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:18:44Z","timestamp":1790453924167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gynecomastia, affecting around 30% of young males, has seen evolving surgical treatments, transitioning from traditional excision methods to contemporary techniques like liposuction. Emotional distress persists when glandular tissue is inadequately addressed, prompting exploration of combined liposuction and glandular excision procedures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients undergoing gynecomastia surgery over a period of 2 years were assessed, considering their demographics, medical history, and gynecomastia grade. Surgical procedures involved liposuction alone or with glandular excision. Endoscopy was used to assess the presence of fibroglandular tissue and the need for glandular excision. Postoperative assessments, clinical photography, and patient questionnaires spanned a 6-month follow-up.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Thirty-two breasts (17 in liposuction alone and 15 in liposuction with glandular excision groups) were included. Liposuction alone led to bruising and two hematomas, and \u201cpuffy nipples\u201d necessitating one redo surgery. Glandular excision resulted in four cases of crater deformity and one case each of superficial skin necrosis, hematoma, and seroma. Cosmetic evaluations showed similar outcomes, with the liposuction alone group having higher redo surgery rates.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study finds that combining liposuction with glandular excision delivers comparable cosmetic results to liposuction alone for gynecomastia. Despite added complexity, the combined approach proves effective and helps in decision-making, emphasizing the need for tailored techniques and ongoing research to optimize treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1802327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T18:43:16Z","timestamp":1737657796000},"page":"269-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gynecomastia Surgery: Liposuction Alone versus Liposuction with Endoscope-Assisted Glandular Excision\u2014A Comparative Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sheikh Sarfraz","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3452-0325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Fahud","family":"Khurram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1480-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupraj","family":"Abhishek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.129104","article-title":"Gynecomastia: clinical evaluation and management","volume":"18","author":"N Cuhaci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1347166","article-title":"Gynecomastia in adolescent males","volume":"27","author":"V Lemaine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3161","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003161","article-title":"Surgical management of gynecomastia: a comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"S W Holzmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2015.08.004","article-title":"Gynecomastia and psychological functioning: a review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"D L Ordaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-02029-x","article-title":"Expected reduction of the nipple-areolar complex over time after treatment of gynecomastia with ultrasound-assisted liposuction mastectomy compared to subcutaneous mastectomy alone","volume":"45","author":"P P Pfeiler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ojac095","DOI":"10.1093\/asjof\/ojac095","article-title":"A single-center experience with gynecomastia treatment using liposuction, complete gland removal, and nipple areola complex lifting plaster technique: a review of 448 patients","volume":"5","author":"K Ramasamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J Open Forum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/abr.abr_374_21","article-title":"Liposuction versus periareolar excision approach for gynecomastia treatment","volume":"12","author":"H Abdali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-023-02146-9","article-title":"Liposuction and port site nipple sparing mastectomy: an alternative method for the operative treatment of gynecomastia at Alexandria main university hospital","volume":"23","author":"M Asal","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-021-02520-z","article-title":"Liposuction assisted gynecomastia surgery with minimal periareolar incision: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"T OH Prasetyono","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4256","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004256","article-title":"Total gynecomastia removal with layered closure: a study of 567 cases","volume":"10","author":"R C Caridi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-022-02782-1","article-title":"Incidence of complications for different approaches in gynecomastia correction: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"46","author":"A Innocenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.129624","article-title":"Gynaecomastia correction: a review of our experience","volume":"47","author":"A Arvind","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J 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