{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T23:10:04Z","timestamp":1750115404160,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Radiol Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The BK virus, an unenveloped double-stranded DNA virus, infects up to 90% of the population, The virus often remains dormant but can reactivate and cause illness under conditions of impaired cellular immunity. It can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including encephalitis, nephritis, cystitis, and retinitis. This report explores neurological symptoms linked to the BK virus, focusing on its potential role in spinal cord pathology in patients with combined immunodeficiency by presenting and analyzing two distinct case studies. Although not commonly associated with neurological disorders, there are rarely reports of BK virus involvement in central nervous system diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1802329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T01:01:16Z","timestamp":1739494876000},"page":"474-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is Cauda Equina Involvement Related to BK Virus in Patients with Combined Immunodeficiency?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3488-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamze","family":"Sonmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma Naz Cemre","family":"Kalayc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahsan","family":"Gocmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Ozsurekc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2213-4627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Cagdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ihsan Do\u011framac\u0131 Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Basic Sciences, Hacettepe University, Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00770-9","article-title":"Polyomavirus BK","volume":"3","author":"H H Hirsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91776-4","article-title":"New human papovavirus (B.K.) isolated from urine after renal transplantation","volume":"1","author":"S D Gardner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1086\/321813","article-title":"Bk virus: a clinical review","volume":"33","author":"M D Reploeg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect 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Takeda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.10.921","article-title":"Infection with JC virus and possible dysplastic ganglion-like transformation of the cerebral cortical neurons in a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"59","author":"M Shintaku","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1086\/517027","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"26","author":"P G Scotton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199906180-00010","article-title":"BK virus as the cause of meningoencephalitis, retinitis and nephritis in a patient with AIDS","volume":"13","author":"G Bratt","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref10","first-page":"e28134","article-title":"Myelitis following COVID-19 illness","volume":"14","author":"N Gulati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.1.32","article-title":"Polyradiculopathy due to cytomegalovirus: report of two cases in which improvement occurred after prolonged therapy and review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Y S Kim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10370","article-title":"Identification of a unique BK virus variant in the CNS of a patient with AIDS","volume":"70","author":"G E J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3078-5","article-title":"Bonington A BKV DNA and JCV-DNA in CSF of patients with suspected meningitis or encephalitis","volume":"31","author":"A Behzad-Behbahani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","first-page":"276","article-title":"BK virus regulatory region rearrangements in brain and cerebrospinal fluid from a leukemia patient with BK virus neurovirulence Braz","volume":"15","author":"G L Stoner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"93","article-title":"BK virus encephalitis in an HIV-seropositive patient. Preliminary data","author":"P L Garavelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Recenti Prog Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200106150-00026","article-title":"BK virus encephalitis in a patient with AIDS and lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"P Lesprit","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199906180-00010","article-title":"BK virus as the cause of meningoencephalitis, retinitis and nephritis in a patient with AIDS","volume":"13","author":"G Bratt","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550010121025","article-title":"BK virus encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"53","author":"R Voltz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"29","article-title":"Disseminated BK type polyomavirus infection in an AIDS patient associated with central nervous system disease","volume":"143","author":"A Vallbracht","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100263","article-title":"BK polyomavirus associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a person living with HIV","volume":"15","author":"B O'Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"volume-title":"Abstract EP1505: BK Virus Can Be Neurotropic: a Rare Cause of PML","year":"2019","author":"C. Ayvac\u0131o\u011flu","key":"ref21"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3413-3","article-title":"BK-virus progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"39","author":"M Melis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0342-3","article-title":"BK virus encephalopathy and sclerosing vasculopathy in a patient with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency","volume":"4","author":"A Darbinyan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10072","article-title":"BK virus-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"198","author":"K L Daveson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-009-9201-5","article-title":"Hemorrhagic cystitis and possible neurologic disease from BK virus infection in a patient with AIDS","volume":"38","author":"A N Kinnaird","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2008.198","article-title":"BK virus encephalitis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipient","volume":"42","author":"G Behre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01101.x","article-title":"BK virus infection and neurologic dysfunctions in a patient with lymphoma treated with chemotherapy and rituximab","volume":"81","author":"A Ferrari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-4-13","article-title":"BK virus associated Meningoencephalitis in na AIDS patient treated with HAART","volume":"4","author":"J E Vidal","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Res Therapy"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1016","article-title":"MR Imaging of BK virus encephalitis","volume":"27","author":"D P Friedman","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"326","article-title":"Progressive BK virus associated multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunocompromised patient treated with corticosteroids","volume":"161","author":"L Cabrejo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000137106.09925.8B","article-title":"Delirium in a renal transplant recipient associated with BK virus in the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"78","author":"J K Hix","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.2.174","article-title":"BK virus DNA in CSF of immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients","volume":"88","author":"A Behzad-Behbahani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref33","first-page":"e17896","article-title":"Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with bowel and bladder incontinence following COVID-19 infection","volume":"13","author":"V Letchuman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-015-0179-9","article-title":"BK virus-induced acute motor-axonal polyneuropathy in a renal transplant patient","volume":"5","author":"H Taskapan","year":"2016","journal-title":"CEN Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0045-1802329.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T22:39:10Z","timestamp":1750113550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0045-1802329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0045-1802329","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-3026","1998-3808"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0971-3026"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1998-3808"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]}}}