{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:48:08Z","timestamp":1778323688696,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous disorder affecting children\u2009&lt;\u200916 years of age. The clinical heterogeneity translates to imaging, where no specific joint is affected. This article highlights a general imaging approach to JIA, using specific examples of the knee, hand, and wrist as the typical joints affected. We then focus on unique joints that are commonly affected by JIA: the temporomandibular joint, the joints of the upper cervical spine, and the sacroiliac joint. For these latter anatomical sites, regional anatomy and development, location-specific imaging considerations, and arthritis, treatment decision making, and potential differential considerations are reviewed. We highlight, where applicable, a multimodal approach to imaging using developed or developing standardized scoring systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1802652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T22:36:59Z","timestamp":1743460619000},"page":"249-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Spondylarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Dov","family":"Rosenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur B.","family":"Meyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Vega-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Sisay","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Yaya-Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6257-6860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie C.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60363-8","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"369","author":"A Ravelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2013.09.003","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review","volume":"81","author":"S Thierry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref3","first-page":"1520","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of juvenile arthritis why does it vary so much?","volume":"29","author":"P J Manners","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","first-page":"390","article-title":"International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001","volume":"31","author":"R E Petty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-021-00629-8","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: from aetiopathogenesis to therapeutic approaches","volume":"19","author":"L N Zaripova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0851-8","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: how can the radiologist help the clinician?","volume":"38","author":"E M Azouz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03168","article-title":"Autoantibodies in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"9","author":"S A Mahmud","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-023-05742-2","article-title":"The role of radiography in diagnosing, monitoring and prognosing juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"54","author":"D Klju\u010dev\u0161ek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei091","article-title":"The pathophysiology of the growth plate in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"45","author":"V E MacRae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","first-page":"80","article-title":"Final height, armspan, subischial leg length and body proportions in juvenile chronic arthritis. 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