{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T09:31:21Z","timestamp":1784367081970,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":52,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a non-invasive technique employed to rehabilitate balance by delivering low-intensity, short-duration electrical stimulation to the mastoid bones, effectively activating the vestibulospinal tract.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To evaluate the effects of GVS on balance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and postural instability.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003In this clinical study, 25 PD patients with postural instability in the ON phase (best effect of dopaminergic medication) underwent GVS. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and posturography on a force platform. Electrical current intensity was progressively increased between the mastoids, starting at 1.0\u2009mA and reaching 3.5\u2009mA by the 6th session, with this level maintained until the 8th session. Stimulation duration began at 9\u2009minutes in the 1st session, increased to 30\u2009minutes by the 3rd session, and was sustained through the 8th session.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A blinded comparison of pre- and post-GVS evaluations demonstrated significant improvements in BBS (p\u2009=\u20090.00001) and TUG (p\u2009=\u20090.00003) scores. Posturography showed an increase in the stability limit area (p\u2009=\u20090.026) and the general balance index (p\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003In the therapeutic management of postural instability in PD, GVS emerges as a promising complementary strategy for enhancing balance. Further research is needed to determine whether these improvements persist after GVS cessation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Registration of Clinical Trial:\u2003https:\/\/ensaiosclinicos.gov.br\/rg\/RBR-22j8728.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1806812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:30:25Z","timestamp":1745368225000},"page":"001-008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Galvanic vestibular stimulation to rehabilitate postural instability in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9592-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Paula Batista de \u00c1vila","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fonoaudiol\u00f3gicas, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3296-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludimila","family":"Labanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fonoaudiol\u00f3gicas, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Pereira","family":"Christo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."},{"name":"Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6618-1949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maur\u00edcio Campelo","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisas em Processamento Digital de Sinais, Florian\u00f3polis SC, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordana Carvalhais","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fonoaudiol\u00f3gicas, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Luiza","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fonoaudiol\u00f3gicas, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9154-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise Utsch","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Medicina, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fonoaudiol\u00f3gicas, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328305bdaf","article-title":"Gait disorders and balance disturbances in Parkinson's disease: clinical update and pathophysiology","volume":"21","author":"T A Boonstra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.5.1177","article-title":"Vestibular induced postural responses in Parkinson's disease","volume":"116","author":"M A Pastor","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.02.006","article-title":"A midbrain-thalamus-cortex circuit reorganizes cortical dynamics to initiate movement","volume":"185","author":"H K 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