{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:25:13Z","timestamp":1762273513926,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":100,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ortop (Sao Paulo)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A les\u00e3o de Hill-Sachs \u00e9 uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o frequentemente associada \u00e0 instabilidade anterior do ombro, que desempenha um papel crucial nos resultados de seu tratamento The Hill-Sachs lesion is a condition frequently associated with anterior shoulder instability, which plays a crucial role in the outcomes of its treatment. It is characterized by a posterior compressive fracture in the humeral head caused by an impingement against the anterior rim of the glenoid cavity during dislocation. A thorough understanding of this lesion is essential to support clinical decisions and choose the most appropriate treatment. Advances in imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, enabled lesion identification with greater precision and its classification per depth, location, and volume, resulting in a detailed assessment of its role in shoulder instability. The present article reviews the main classifications, diagnostic methods, and treatment options to provide orthopedists with a comprehensive and updated view of the strategies to promote better functional outcomes and minimize the risk of instability recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1809339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T11:04:51Z","timestamp":1752231891000},"page":"001-008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hill-Sachs Lesion: Diagnosis, Classification, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9539-4545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel Jun Sugawara","family":"Tamaoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Shoulder and Elbow Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6320-9659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur Yudi","family":"Utino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Shoulder and Elbow Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9289-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Aroca","family":"Zan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Shoulder and Elbow Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7328-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Teruo","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Shoulder and Elbow Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9494-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Archetti Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Hand and Upper Limb Surgery, Shoulder and Elbow Group, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1148\/35.6.690","article-title":"Grooved defect of humeral head","volume":"35","author":"H A Hill","year":"1940","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2010.09.006","article-title":"Can we improve radiological analysis of osseous lesions in chronic anterior shoulder instability?","volume":"96","author":"C Charousset","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-20-04-242","article-title":"The Hill-Sachs lesion: diagnosis, classification, and management","volume":"20","author":"M T Provencher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.170007","article-title":"\u2018On-track\u2019 and \u2018off-track\u2019 shoulder lesions","volume":"2","author":"E Itoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465231209443","article-title":"Defining critical humeral bone loss: Inferior craniocaudal Hill-Sachs extension as predictor of recurrent instability after primary arthroscopic Bankart repair","volume":"52","author":"T Cong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S2255-4971(15)30196-8","article-title":"Prevalence of lesions associated with traumatic recurrent shoulder dislocation","volume":"46","author":"O L Carrazzone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9437-0","article-title":"Understanding the Hill-Sachs lesion in its role in patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability","volume":"10","author":"J A Fox","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519886319","article-title":"Peripheral-track and central-track Hill-Sachs lesions: A new concept of assessing an on-track lesion","volume":"48","author":"N Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.01.022","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of the Hill-Sachs lesion in anteroinferior shoulder instability after first-time dislocations","volume":"32","author":"G Di Giacomo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00637","article-title":"Comprehensive review of provocative and instability physical examination tests of the shoulder","volume":"27","author":"K J Hippensteel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.10.006","article-title":"Hyper extension-internal rotation (HERI): A new test for anterior gleno-humeral instability","volume":"102","author":"T Lafosse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221085673","article-title":"Bony apprehension test for identifying bone loss in patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability: A validation study","volume":"50","author":"M James","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2021.04.002","article-title":"Influence of the glenoid track and glenoid bone loss on the apprehension test for shoulder instability","volume":"5","author":"A C Godinho","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/0846537119895751","article-title":"Mimickers of Hill-Sachs lesions","volume":"72","author":"A Herring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516674960","article-title":"Conquering the Hill-Sachs","volume":"44","author":"B Reider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(89)90138-2","article-title":"The incidence of Hill-Sachs lesions in initial anterior shoulder dislocations","volume":"5","author":"J J Calandra","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180031","article-title":"How to measure a Hill-Sachs lesion: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"M Maio","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rboe.2018.03.008","article-title":"Hill-Sachs lesion measurement with tridimensional models in anterior shoulder instability","volume":"53","author":"A N Miyazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2024.03.044","article-title":"Glenoid track revisited","volume":"33","author":"E Itoi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230030","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.230030","article-title":"Glenoid track assessment at imaging in anterior shoulder instability: Rationale and step-by-step guide","volume":"43","author":"\u00dc Ayd\u0131ng\u00f6z","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241232089","article-title":"The global track concept for assessment of engaging Hill-Sachs defects in anterior shoulder instability","volume":"52","author":"P Moroder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.21037\/aoj-23-17","article-title":"Bipolar bone loss and distance to dislocation","volume":"9","author":"Z J Herman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Jt"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-22-0084","article-title":"Current concepts in chronic traumatic anterior shoulder instability","volume":"8","author":"S Bauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.5.200049","article-title":"Clinical and radiological examination of bony-mediated shoulder instability","volume":"5","author":"J Stefaniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4103\/jajs.jajs_89_22","article-title":"Hill-Sachs lesions revisited","volume":"9","author":"R Itha","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Arthrosc Jt Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2023.05.018","article-title":"How does dynamic arthroscopic tracking compare with radiologic glenoid track for identification of on- and off-track lesions in anterior shoulder instability?","volume":"33","author":"D N Bhatia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.12.033","article-title":"The prevalence of a large Hill-Sachs lesion that needs to be treated","volume":"22","author":"D Kurokawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241254063","article-title":"Arthroscopic Bankart repair with remplissage in anterior shoulder instability results in fewer redislocations than Bankart repair alone at medium-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"J M Woodmass","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2022.02.005","article-title":"Remplissage for anterior shoulder instability: History, indications, and outcomes","volume":"53","author":"W Polio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2017.10.010","article-title":"Clinical and image outcomes of the HillSachs injury approach by the remplissage technique on anterior shoulder instability","volume":"54","author":"F O Fran\u00e7a","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.11.050","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of acute Hill-Sachs reduction with remplissage to treat complex anterior instability","volume":"26","author":"G H Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.12.035","article-title":"Percutaneous balloon humeroplasty for Hill-Sachs lesions: a novel technique","volume":"22","author":"R Z Stachowicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2016.08.007","article-title":"Arthroscopic Reduction and Balloon Humeroplasty in the Treatment of Acute Hill-Sachs Lesions","volume":"5","author":"D Ratner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741022","article-title":"Validation of the glenoid track concept in anterior glenohumeral instability","volume":"57","author":"M EC Gracitelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-023-09833-3","article-title":"Management of shoulder instability in patients with seizure disorders","volume":"16","author":"Y Atwan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e996","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20171012-01","article-title":"Partial Resurfacing for Humeral Head Defects Associated With Recurrent Shoulder Instability","volume":"40","author":"M C Bessette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopedics"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia"],"original-title":[],"language":"pt","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0045-1809339.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:12:08Z","timestamp":1762272728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0045-1809339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s00451809339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0045-1809339","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0102-3616","1982-4378"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0102-3616"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1982-4378"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}}}