{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T08:32:22Z","timestamp":1779006742242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Free functioning muscle transfer (FFMT) is widely used to reconstruct complex lower limb defects involving muscle deficits. This review explores ways to optimize FFMT outcomes by examining biomechanical considerations, particularly balancing the needs for stable joint positioning (isometric function) and active motion (isotonic function) for specific reconstructive objectives. We discuss knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, and ankle plantarflexion reconstruction, recommending suitable donor muscles based on their mechanical properties and functional requirements. Important considerations include careful donor muscle selection, accurate muscle tensioning during surgery, secure tendon attachment methods, and targeted rehabilitation timed with nerve recovery. This approach offers practical advice for surgeons aiming to restore movement and improve overall function in patients undergoing complex lower limb reconstructions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1809652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T22:30:16Z","timestamp":1754692216000},"page":"149-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimizing Free Functioning Muscle Transfer for Lower Limb Reconstruction: A Biomechanical Approach"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ren-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Master Science Program in Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Chen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Master Science Program in Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Master Science Program in Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Master Science Program in Reconstructive Microsurgery, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197009000-00002","article-title":"Free muscle transplants in dogs, with microsurgical neurovascular anastomoses","volume":"46","author":"S Tamai","year":"1970","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199911000-00011","article-title":"Limb-sparing surgery with reinnervated free-muscle 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