{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:10:52Z","timestamp":1788909052347,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Updating multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria over recent decades may have impacted disability progression.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To assess the effects of the passage of time and changes in diagnostic criteria on disability.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A retrospective study of Brazilian people with relapsing-remitting MS from 1994 to 2019. Descriptive analysis compared three periods based on admission: Epoch 1 (1994\u20132001), 2 (2002\u20132010), and 3 (2011\u20132019). Cox regressions were performed for the outcomes of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) 6.0 and conversion to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). We compared the three Epochs in sequence, the Poser with all McDonald criteria combined, and Poser versus each McDonald criteria (2001, 2005, 2010, and 2017). A multivariate logistic regression assessed the impact of diagnostic criteria on patients reaching EDSS 6.0.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Time to diagnosis and treatment decreased across Epochs. For reaching EDSS 6.0, the Cox regression indicated a hazard ratio (HR) 63% lower for Epoch 3 compared with 1, an HR 50% lower for the McDonald criteria combined, and an HR 65% lower for McDonald 2010 compared with Poser. Regarding the conversion to SPMS, the HR was 53% lower for Epoch 3, 48% lower for the McDonald criteria combined, and 64% lower for McDonald 2010. The multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that incomplete recovery of initial symptoms was the main prognostic factor for reaching EDSS 6.0. However, transitioning diagnostic criteria from Poser to McDonald 2001 and 2005 decreased these odds by 54%.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Newer diagnostic criteria have reduced the likelihood of reaching EDSS 6.0 and converting to SPMS over the past 25 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1809662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T23:12:58Z","timestamp":1750893178000},"page":"001-009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The impact of changing diagnostic criteria on disability in a Brazilian multiple sclerosis cohort"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7332-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe Toscano Lins de","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6354-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9ssica Monique Dias","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5466-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Bussinger","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6545-0163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leizian de Souza","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5199-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Paiva","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9937-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via Timb\u00f3","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5559-1269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha Pryanca de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9014-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa Sabino Ferreira","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1287-690X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilton Amorim de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4011-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis Bernardi","family":"Bichuetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4939-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enedina Maria Lobato de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00556-y","article-title":"Apparent changes in the epidemiology and severity of multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"N Koch-Henriksen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.1.133","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. 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