{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:03:55Z","timestamp":1754161435983,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"07","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Levodopa has been considered the best treatment option. However, deep brain stimulation (DBS) use has increased over time, mostly when levodopa-related complications arise.<\/jats:p><jats:p>To review the current evidence regarding economic evaluations assessing costs and benefits comparing pharmacological versus surgical treatment among subjects with PD.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We searched three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar) for studies comparing levodopa treatment and DBS among subjects with PD in terms of costs and benefits from therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Out of the 107 studies identified, 14 met the inclusion criteria. Most of the published studies were from Europe. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios have shown variable results, from -\u20ac979 to \u20ac6,729 per change of 1 point in the score on part III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS III), while incremental cost-utility ratios depict values as low as \u20ac6,700 and as high as $704,906.03 per quality-adjusted life-years (QALY).<\/jats:p><jats:p>We observed a higher cost during the 1st year of DBS implantation due to the surgical procedure itself, subsequently, there was a trend for a lower cost over the following years, with no loss of benefit. Overall, the studies showed DBS as a cost-effective measure at 5-years after implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1809996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:11:46Z","timestamp":1752797506000},"page":"001-011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The costs and benefits of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a review and social network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Unidad de Movimientos Anormales y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Guadalajara, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1383-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia Carmina","family":"Far\u00edas-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Unidad de Movimientos Anormales y Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Guadalajara, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3709-0877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida-Hospital Corporation of America Florida Healthcare, Department of Neurology, Orlando FL, United States."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0206-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"G\u00f3mez-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Departamento de Neurolog\u00eda, Guadalajara, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9674-2118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hernando Efra\u00edn","family":"Caicedo-Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Anahuac, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico."},{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2271-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Dami\u00e1n","family":"Carrillo-Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Anahuac, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Coordinaci\u00f3n de Neurociencias, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico."},{"name":"Hospital General de M\u00e9xico, Departamento de Neurocirug\u00eda Estereot\u00e1ctica y Funcional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, 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