{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T23:15:05Z","timestamp":1783379705705,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the optical, mechanical, and microbiological performance of heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) modified by adding various gum Acacia arabica (GA) concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Specimens containing 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% GA by weight were prepared, with control specimens containing no GA. Thirty-six rectangular samplings were assessed for color changes, flexural strength, and elastic modulus. Color measurement was conducted using a spectrophotometer. A universal testing machine measured flexural strength through a three-point bending test, and the elastic modulus was calculated. A profilometer and Vickers hardness tester evaluated the surface roughness and hardness. Antifungal activity was assessed by incubating specimens with Candida albicans and counting colony-forming units (CFU\/mL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for antifungal activity and optical properties and One-way ANOVA for mechanical properties at a significance level of p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Groups with higher GA concentrations exhibited significant color changes (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Nonsignificant changes were reported in flexural strength, elastic modulus, or surface hardness (p &gt;0.05), although lower concentrations of GA (1 and 2.5% wt) improved surface hardness. Both 7.5% and 10% wt GA significantly increased surface roughness (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Antifungal activity increased with GA concentration declining from 12\u2009\u00d7\u2009108 CFU\/mL in the control to no detectable fungal growth in the 10% wt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Low GA concentrations (1 and 2.5%) improved hardness with minimal surface changes, while higher levels (7.5 and 10%) significantly enhanced antifungal efficacy but compromised roughness and aesthetics. A 5% GA concentration offered a balanced compromise, necessitating further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1810070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T23:29:44Z","timestamp":1754695784000},"page":"763-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Acacia arabica Addition on Optical, Mechanical, and Fungicidal Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Material"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3805-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rania","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6536-8269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Yaseen","family":"Alqutaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5157-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sohail","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman, University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-7330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai Salah","family":"El-Din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prosthodontics Department, Alexandria University Main Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043029","article-title":"Management of chronic atrophic candidiasis (denture stomatitis): a narrative review","volume":"20","author":"E Abuhajar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10050328","article-title":"a systematic review of denture stomatitis: predisposing factors, clinical features, etiology, and global Candida spp. distribution","volume":"10","author":"M Peri\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Fungi 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