{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T21:11:09Z","timestamp":1761340269056,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rosai-Dorfman disease is an uncommon proliferation of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that mainly affects lymph nodes, although occasionally it can be associated or even present solely with extranodal involvement including skin and subcutaneous fat infiltration.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We present a case of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease that occurred at the site of administration of COVID-19 vaccine. The patient was a 13-year-old Bahraini girl who presented with a 1-year history of left upper arm pain and swelling that started after receiving the Pfizer vaccination for COVID-19. Clinically, the mass was medium-sized, tender, and nonmobile. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were suspicious for sarcoma. Ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed \u201csubcutaneous panniculitis.\u201d Excision of the mass revealed a multinodular infiltrate of the subcutaneous fat composed of distinctive large histiocytes, with characteristic emperipolesis, positive for S100, CD68, and OCT-2, consistent with Rosai-Dorfman disease. We present a case of cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease as a complication of COVID-19 vaccination that was challenging for the pathologist, radiologist, and clinician.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1810629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T22:35:13Z","timestamp":1759876513000},"page":"816-821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman Disease After COVID-19 Vaccination: Rare Occurrence with Challenging Presentation"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Zainab","family":"Harb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Toorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Redha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3236-3503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rola","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. 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