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Despite a known history of neurological damage, as evidenced by Japan's Minamata disease, mercury intoxication remains underdiagnosed in Brazil. This review underscores the need for increased clinical awareness among neurologists, as mercury exposure has been linked to over 250 neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and psychiatric disturbances. The Indigenous and riverside populations in the Amazon present a high prevalence of cognitive and motor deficits, tremors, and sensory disturbances, which are associated with mercury body burdens. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical suspicion, environmental exposure history, and biomonitoring through hair and urine analyses. Given the widespread environmental contamination and potential long-term health consequences, neurologists must be vigilant in recognizing and managing mercury-related neurotoxicity, particularly in vulnerable Brazilian populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1811622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T23:06:40Z","timestamp":1757372800000},"page":"001-010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Brazilian Minamata disease? Neurologists must be aware of mercury exposure and intoxication"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3724-0118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Maximiano-Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3262-8320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eder Leandro da Silva","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1335-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Crespo-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Bel\u00e9m PR, Brazil."},{"name":"Instituto Amaz\u00f4nico do Merc\u00fario, Bel\u00e9m PA, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3647-9124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz Martins","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Bel\u00e9m PR, Brazil."},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia em Neuroimunologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, 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