{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:05:57Z","timestamp":1782947157875,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":75,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source. Various treatments and therapeutic strategies for tinnitus have been used. More recently, this includes music therapy (MT), which aims to mask tinnitus using specific musical elements such as rhythm, melody, harmony, and tempo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To identify evidence in the literature regarding the use of MT for the treatment of tinnitus, the techniques employed, and the outcomes achieved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In the present systematic review, we searched for articles in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases, up until January 2024. The search included articles published in English, Portuguese, and German. Articles on the use of MT for the treatment of tinnitus were included. Duplicates, literature reviews, case reports, letters, and editorials were excluded. The descriptors used were \u201cmusic therapy\u201d, \u201cacoustic stimulation\u201d and \u201ctinnitus\u201d. Random effects models using the restricted maximum likelihood method were used to estimate the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes. The seardescriptions resulted in the initial selection of 552 articles containing one or more descriptors in the article title. We selected 211 for abstract review, and 48 were selected for full-text review. Finally, 23 articles published between 2005 and 2022 were selected for meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>As an effective method for the treatment of tinnitus, MT stimulates the peripheral and central auditory pathways as well as central para-auditory pathways (related to attention, concentration, memory, and emotions).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1811695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:18:12Z","timestamp":1773793092000},"page":"001-013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Music Therapy and Tinnitus Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0570-8249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronaldo Kennedy de Paula","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Speech Therapy Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8669-4781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maur\u00edcio Freire","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Music, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6535-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia Cotta","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Therapy Course, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9592-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Paula Batista de \u00c1vila","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Speech Therapy Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1840-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Macedo de","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Therapy Course, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-021-02799-z","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Treatment Outcomes of Music Therapy, Tinnitus Maskers and Pharmacotherpy in Chronic Subjective Tinnitus","volume":"74","author":"N Sruthi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002935","article-title":"A Three-arm, Single-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effects of Notched Music Therapy, Conventional Music Therapy, and Counseling on Tinnitus","volume":"42","author":"P Piromchai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.23.2.7","article-title":"A comparison of benefit and economic value between two sound therapy tinnitus management options","volume":"23","author":"C W Newman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66040-3","article-title":"Tinnitus retraining therapy","volume":"166","author":"P J Jastreboff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2021.9385","article-title":"A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Notched Music Therapy for Tinnitus Patients","volume":"17","author":"J Therdphaothai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-003-0929-4","article-title":"[Attention diversion in tinnitus therapy. 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Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.7874\/jao.2022.00010","article-title":"Does Listening to Tinnitus Frequency-Filtered Music Relieve Tinnitus?","volume":"26","author":"S Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Audiol Otol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103274","article-title":"The effectiveness of the combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and tailor-made notched music training (TMNMT) on psychoacoustic, psychometric, and cognitive indices of tinnitus patients","volume":"43","author":"A Moossavi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000450745","article-title":"Investigating the Effects of a Personalized, Spectrally Altered Music-Based Sound Therapy on Treating Tinnitus: A Blinded, 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