{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:16:21Z","timestamp":1789499781071,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Reprod Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Menopause represents a cardio-metabolic transition, but cardiovascular (CV) health in women is highly influenced by other reproductive milestones and conditions, which delineate a cardio-reproductive lifeline. Reproductive history represents an opportunity to identify women at elevated risk of CV events after menopause, going beyond traditional CV risk factors. This review aims to summarize the impact of reproductive milestones, gynecological conditions, and pregnancy-related factors on cardio-metabolic health at midlife. The main physio-pathological mechanisms likely implicated in linking reproductive events and CV disease risk are described, as well as the impact of specific conditions (early\/late menarche and menstrual dysfunction [functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, benign gynecological conditions (endometriosis, adenomyosis, and fibroids), infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and premature\/early natural or surgical menopause]). Data indicate that a reproductive checklist in midlife women is warranted for primary prevention and intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1811965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T23:02:23Z","timestamp":1759273343000},"page":"73-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reproductive History and Cardio-Metabolic Risk in the Postmenopausal Age"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Cucinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Odone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Medical Direction, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella E.","family":"Nappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00269-2","article-title":"Management of menopause: a view towards prevention","volume":"10","author":"R A Lobo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001209","article-title":"2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association","volume":"149","author":"S S Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e506","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000912","article-title":"Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk: implications for timing of early prevention: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"142","author":"S R El Khoudary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00684-X","article-title":"The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease commission: reducing the global burden by 2030","volume":"397","author":"B Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","first-page":"373","article-title":"Quality and equitable health care gaps for women: attributions to sex differences in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"70","author":"L J Shaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00076-6","article-title":"Menopause: a cardiometabolic transition","volume":"10","author":"R E Nappi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2024.107974","article-title":"Menopause transition and cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"185","author":"E R Uddenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1393","article-title":"Changes in body composition in women over six years at midlife: ovarian and chronological aging","volume":"92","author":"M Sowers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.009","article-title":"Are changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors in midlife women due to chronological aging or to the menopausal transition?","volume":"54","author":"K A Matthews","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0910","article-title":"The association of endogenous sex hormones, adiposity, and insulin resistance with incident diabetes in postmenopausal women","volume":"94","author":"R R Kalyani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313622","article-title":"Arterial stiffness accelerates within 1 year of the final menstrual period: the SWAN Heart Study","volume":"40","author":"S Samargandy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4692","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2244","article-title":"Endothelial function is impaired across the stages of the menopause transition in healthy women","volume":"97","author":"K L Moreau","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319424","article-title":"Trajectories of blood pressure in midlife women: does menopause matter?","volume":"130","author":"S Samargandy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319895","article-title":"Pregnancy and reproductive risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women","volume":"130","author":"A C O'Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000475","article-title":"2024 guideline for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"55","author":"C Bushnell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006713","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006713","article-title":"Duration of reproductive life span, age at menarche, and age at menopause are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in women","volume":"6","author":"S H Ley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-024-01190-8","article-title":"Ovarian suppression: early menopause and late effects","volume":"25","author":"C Molinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-01057-w","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome as a metabolic disease","volume":"21","author":"N Helvaci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad590","article-title":"Hyperandrogenism and cardiometabolic risk in pre- and postmenopausal women-what is the evidence?","volume":"109","author":"A L Hirschberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2012.11.003","article-title":"Hormonal contraceptives and arterial disease: an epidemiological update","volume":"27","author":"G Plu-Bureau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030105","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030105","article-title":"Associations of oral contraceptive use with cardiovascular disease and all-cause death: evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study","volume":"12","author":"W Dou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x","article-title":"Inflamm-aging. An evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence","volume":"908","author":"C Franceschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"cvae240","article-title":"Inflammaging, a targetable pathway for preventing cardiovascular diseases","volume":"12","author":"J F Aranda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08907-9","article-title":"Role of inflammaging on the reproductive function and pregnancy","volume":"64","author":"A Zavatta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab054","article-title":"Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies","volume":"105","author":"A AlAshqar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052734","article-title":"The role of chronic inflammation in polycystic ovarian syndrome-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"S Aboeldalyl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad463","article-title":"Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"108","author":"H J Teede","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.03.018","article-title":"Association of endometriosis and adenomyosis with pregnancy and infertility","volume":"119","author":"P Vercellini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2007.dec.S194-S202","article-title":"Inflammation in pregnancy: its roles in reproductive physiology, obstetrical complications, and fetal injury","volume":"65","author":"R Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14101266","article-title":"Association between obesity and puberty timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"W Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2019-213364","article-title":"Association between obesity and the risk of uterine fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"H Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326546","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1326546","article-title":"Obesity and its impact on female reproductive health: unraveling the connections","volume":"14","author":"L Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.12.092","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular risks associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"73","author":"A D Lane-Cordova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae889","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes, familial predisposition, and cardiovascular risk: a Swedish nationwide study","volume":"46","author":"\u00c4 Mantel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.1312","article-title":"Genetic risk factors associated with preeclampsia and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"J S Tyrmi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1785","article-title":"Association of female reproductive factors with body composition: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"98","author":"S Trikudanathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0048-7","article-title":"Age at menarche and adult body mass index: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"42","author":"D Gill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaf063","article-title":"Pubertal timing and tempo and body mass index trajectories: investigating the confounding role of childhood body mass index","volume":"194","author":"A Gaml-S\u00f8rensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003017","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003017","article-title":"Association of puberty timing with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"T S Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2015.04.032","article-title":"Age at menarche and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study","volume":"167","author":"J Dreyfus","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395241271174","article-title":"Age at menarche and its association with adult-onset metabolic syndrome and related disorders in women: a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample over 10 years","volume":"36","author":"B S Kwan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003908","article-title":"Association between early menarche and hypertension in pre and postmenopausal women: Baependi Heart Study","volume":"43","author":"L CAP Martinho","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.4105","article-title":"Association between reproductive life span and incident nonfatal cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from 12 studies","volume":"5","author":"S R Mishra","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53011-5","article-title":"The J shaped association of age at menarche and cardiovascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"S Behboudi-Gandevan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zwaf051","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf051","article-title":"Reassessing the association between age at menarche and cardiovascular disease: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses","volume":"18","author":"L Tschiderer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zwaf318","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf318","article-title":"Age at menarche and cardiovascular risk: a moving target of risk assessment in women","volume":"5","author":"L N Dastmalchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.043182","article-title":"Validity of age at menarche self-reported in adulthood","volume":"60","author":"R Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195881","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.5881","article-title":"Worldwide secular trends in age at pubertal onset assessed by breast development among girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"C Eckert-Lind","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e029372","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.029372","article-title":"Menstrual cycle irregularity in adolescence is associated with cardiometabolic health in early adulthood","volume":"12","author":"K Keenan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e249657","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.9657","article-title":"Irregular cycles, ovulatory disorders, and cardiometabolic conditions in a US-based digital cohort","volume":"7","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2238513","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.38513","article-title":"Menstrual cycle regularity and length across the reproductive lifespan and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"5","author":"Y X Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e029020","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.029020","article-title":"Associations of menstrual cycle regularity and length with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective study from UK Biobank","volume":"12","author":"C Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000881","article-title":"Time to cycle regularity and health risks","volume":"31","author":"A Naveed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001215","article-title":"ACOG committee opinion no. 651: menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign","volume":"126","author":"ACOG Committee Opinion No","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000053661.27992.75","article-title":"Is there an association between athletic amenorrhea and endothelial cell dysfunction?","volume":"35","author":"A Zeni Hoch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1286","article-title":"Amenorrhea in female athletes is associated with endothelial dysfunction and unfavorable lipid profile","volume":"90","author":"A Rickenlund","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad498","article-title":"Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and preclinical cardiovascular disease","volume":"109","author":"C L Shufelt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02763-8","article-title":"Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study","volume":"41","author":"C N Bairey Merz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.03.029","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, hypothalamic hypoestrogenemia, and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute sponsored WISE study)","volume":"102","author":"B Ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3638","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1223","article-title":"Clinical review: cardiovascular consequences of ovarian disruption: a focus on functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in physically active women","volume":"96","author":"E O'Donnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaf364","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf364","article-title":"Impact of estrogen replacement on endothelial dysfunction and psychological health in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea","author":"C L Shufelt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603581","article-title":"Hypothalamic amenorrhea and the long-term health consequences","volume":"35","author":"C L Shufelt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1650337","article-title":"Cardiovascular events among reproductive and menopausal age women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"F Ramezani Tehrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmad015","article-title":"PCOS during the menopausal transition and after menopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"M Mill\u00e1n-de-Meer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.05.013","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome and aging: health implications after menopause","volume":"139","author":"N Helvaci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S475149","article-title":"Association between female androgen levels, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease: an NHANES analysis (2013-2016)","volume":"16","author":"X Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab050","article-title":"Inflammation and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"104","author":"L M Velez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065827","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome fuels cardiovascular inflammation and aggravates ischemic cardiac injury","volume":"148","author":"L Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000718","article-title":"Cardiometabolic risk factors and benign gynecologic disorders","volume":"74","author":"A AlAshqar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-324675","article-title":"Non-malignant gynaecological disease and risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"G E Colombo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq477","article-title":"Hysterectomy and risk of cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"32","author":"E Ingelsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e036697","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.036697","article-title":"Blood pressure, cardiometabolic traits, and cardiovascular events in women with uterine fibroids: a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study","volume":"14","author":"J Henry","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41713","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000041713","article-title":"Causal relationship between uterine fibroids and cardiovascular disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"104","author":"J Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42627","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000042627","article-title":"Causal association between uterine fibroids and cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"104","author":"M Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03426-8","article-title":"Association of heavy menstrual bleeding with cardiovascular disease in US female hospitalizations","volume":"22","author":"P Dubey","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09056","article-title":"Association Between Endometriosis and Hypercholesterolemia or Hypertension","volume":"70","author":"F Mu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002224","article-title":"Endometriosis and risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"9","author":"F Mu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21486-0","article-title":"Endometriosis and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"S Parsa","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2023.04.001","article-title":"Endometriosis and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"C Poeta do Couto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2023.0091","article-title":"Endometriosis and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"U Okoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e027755","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027755","article-title":"Infertility and risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"L V Farland","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00718-8","article-title":"Time-to-pregnancy and risk of cardiovascular disease among men and women","volume":"36","author":"M C Magnus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5653\/cerm.2017.44.1.28","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk may be increased in women with unexplained infertility","volume":"44","author":"F F Verit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Reprod Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e902","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000961","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular disease risk: unique opportunities for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"N I Parikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"oeac065","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeac065","article-title":"The risk of cardiovascular diseases after miscarriage, stillbirth, and induced abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"H Kyriacou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deab010","article-title":"Hereditary thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-07989-6","article-title":"Inherited thrombophilias and stillbirth: a systematic review and meta- analysis","volume":"312","author":"M Delis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e661","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001292","article-title":"Assessing and addressing cardiovascular and obstetric risks in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"151","author":"R Mauricio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.753","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk following fertility therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"N Dayan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.2324","article-title":"Maternal risk of cardiovascular disease after use of assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"8","author":"M C Magnus","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E391","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160744","article-title":"Failure of fertility therapy and subsequent adverse cardiovascular events","volume":"189","author":"J A Udell","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.11.017","article-title":"Parity and risk of later-life maternal cardiovascular disease","volume":"159","author":"N I Parikh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000053441.43495.1A","article-title":"Is the association between parity and coronary heart disease due to biological effects of pregnancy or adverse lifestyle risk factors associated with child-rearing? Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study and the British Regional Heart Study","volume":"107","author":"D A Lawlor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19130-4","article-title":"The association of female reproductive factors with history of cardiovascular disease: a large cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"T Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000253","article-title":"Pregnancy complications as a window to future cardiovascular disease","volume":"28","author":"M Dassanayake","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.0276","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term mortality in women","volume":"184","author":"C Crump","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13967","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13967","article-title":"What is my risk? A mixed-methods systematic review of risk perception for cardiometabolic pregnancy complications and future cardiometabolic disease development","author":"E K Osei-Safo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29646","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029646","article-title":"Risk of future cardiovascular diseases in different years postpartum after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"101","author":"J Sukmanee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zwaf233","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf233","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk of atrial fibrillation: findings from the HUNT study","author":"H Morooka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00059","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and future cardiovascular health","volume":"7","author":"K Melchiorre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22107","article-title":"Cardiovascular events following pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia with emphasis on comparison between early- and late-onset forms: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"57","author":"A Dall'Asta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093121","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular risk and maternal history of pre-eclampsia","volume":"14","author":"P Palmiero","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.03.335","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors mediate the long-term maternal risk associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"J J Stuart","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1361","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361","article-title":"Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"369","author":"E Vounzoulaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02416-7","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and development of intergenerational overall and subtypes of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"A Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e251887","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2025.1887","article-title":"Prepregnancy cardiovascular health, gestational diabetes, and coronary artery calcium","author":"N A Cameron","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036748","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality in women with a history of pregnancy complications","volume":"139","author":"S M Grandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e072112","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072112","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long term risk of ischemic heart disease in mothers: national cohort and co-sibling study","volume":"380","author":"C Crump","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11206048","article-title":"Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction as risk factors of future maternal cardiovascular disease-a review","volume":"11","author":"S S\u0142awek-Szmyt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06357","article-title":"Pregnancy and long-term maternal cardiovascular health: progress through harmonization of research cohorts and biobanks","volume":"67","author":"A C Staff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22981","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99478-4","article-title":"The role of cardiovascular risk factors in maternal cardiovascular disease according to offspring birth characteristics in the HUNT study","volume":"11","author":"E B Haug","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007809","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007809","article-title":"Preterm delivery and future risk of maternal cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"P Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14221","article-title":"Maternal cardiovascular disease 3 decades after preterm birth: longitudinal cohort study of pregnancy vascular disorders","volume":"75","author":"N Auger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e034145","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034145","article-title":"Maternal cardiovascular disease risk factors as predictors of preterm birth in California: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"A B Rohlfing","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e553","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30155-0","article-title":"Age at natural menopause and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: a pooled analysis of individual patient data","volume":"4","author":"D Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa124","article-title":"Type of menopause, age of menopause and variations in the risk of incident cardiovascular disease: pooled analysis of individual data from 10 international studies","volume":"35","author":"D Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.19191","article-title":"Association of premature natural and surgical menopause with incident cardiovascular disease","volume":"322","author":"M C Honigberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017416","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017416","article-title":"Menopausal vasomotor symptoms and risk of incident cardiovascular disease events in SWAN","volume":"10","author":"R C Thurston","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2023.02.004","article-title":"Vasomotor symptoms and risk of cardiovascular disease in peri- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"171","author":"A Armeni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49749-1","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"M Bahri Khomami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06541-0","article-title":"The risk of endometriosis by early menarche is recently increased: a meta-analysis of literature published from 2000 to 2020","volume":"307","author":"M Y Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz012","article-title":"Reproductive, obstetric, and perinatal outcomes of women with adenomyosis and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"J Horton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010842","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.123.010842","article-title":"Assessing the accuracy of cardiovascular disease prediction using female-specific risk factors in women aged 45 to 69 years in the UK Biobank study","volume":"17","author":"J Doust","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa1044","article-title":"Cardiovascular health after menopause transition, pregnancy disorders, and other gynaecologic conditions: a consensus document from European cardiologists, gynaecologists, and endocrinologists","volume":"42","author":"A HEM Maas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref125","first-page":"e563","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"140","author":"D K Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-025-08012-8","article-title":"Healthcare providers' awareness and management of cardiovascular risks in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes","volume":"312","author":"S Halmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Reproductive Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0045-1811965.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T23:30:42Z","timestamp":1761607842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0045-1811965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0045-1811965","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-8004","1526-4564"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-8004","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-4564","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}}}