{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T23:37:51Z","timestamp":1766187471237,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a progressive condition characterized by persistent thromboembolic disease in the pulmonary arteries, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Medical therapy offers symptomatic relief but is not curative. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) remains the gold standard treatment; however, patients are often ineligible for surgery due to unfavorable anatomy, comorbidities, or preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, particularly for patients with inoperable CTEPH or post-PTE patients who remain symptomatic. Balloon catheters are used to dilate stenotic pulmonary arteries and to disrupt intraluminal webs and synechia, improving hemodynamics and leading to better quality of life. Careful patient selection for BPA is crucial, requiring a multidisciplinary approach to identify suitable candidates. Although BPA has demonstrated favorable outcomes, challenges remain in optimizing procedural techniques, reducing complication rates, and establishing standardized treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This work aims to review BPA and its role in treating CTEPH, from patient selection to expected outcomes, as well as potential areas of future research, which includes the need for increased awareness and accessibility to specialized CTEPH centers, advancements in imaging technology, procedural standardization, and investigation of combination therapies to further support BPA efficacy and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1812084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T23:04:39Z","timestamp":1761347079000},"page":"509-517","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Patient Selection, Procedural Pearls, and Expected Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Lynden","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conrad B.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Troy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300449","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00449-2023","article-title":"Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"D Luijten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002828","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02828-2020","article-title":"ERS statement on chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"57","author":"M Delcroix","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.3.818","article-title":"Prognostic factors in medically treated patients with chronic pulmonary embolism","volume":"119","author":"J Lewczuk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601792","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01792-2016","article-title":"Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism: a contemporary view of the published literature","volume":"49","author":"Y M Ende-Verhaar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"36","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac206","article-title":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and impairment after pulmonary embolism: the FOCUS study","volume":"43","author":"L 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Cannon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2024.07.052","article-title":"Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy: the potentially curative treatment of choice for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"119","author":"M M Madani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00214-4","article-title":"Balloon pulmonary angioplasty versus riociguat for the treatment of inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (RACE): a multicentre, phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial and ancillary follow-up study","volume":"10","author":"X Ja\u00efs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100291","article-title":"Refined balloon pulmonary angioplasty in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: initial results of U.S. regional program","volume":"2","author":"R Bashir","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14649","article-title":"A multicenter study of anticoagulation in operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"18","author":"K Bunclark","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.10.038","article-title":"When direct oral anticoagulants should not be standard treatment: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"83","author":"A Bejjani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016522","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients with chronic thromboembolic 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