{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:52:38Z","timestamp":1792785158267,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Thammasat University Research Unit","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/002yp7f20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article evaluates the feasibility of manufacturing customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed hydroxyapatite (3DHA) bone block grafts using binder jetting for alveolar ridge augmentation prior to implant placement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the alveolar ridge from eight patients with horizontal ridge defects were converted to STL files to generate 3D models. These models were used to design and fabricate patient-specific 3DHA bone block grafts using binder jetting. The 3D-printed grafts underwent micro-CT (\u03bcCT) scanning, generating \u03bcSTL files, which were compared with the original computer-aided design models using inspection software. Dimensional accuracy in three axes (x, y, z) and discrepancies between the 3DHA grafts and ridge defect geometries were assessed. The 3DHA grafts were clinically evaluated for effectiveness in augmenting alveolar ridge defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Percentage relative differences between the original STL files and those from \u03bcCT were \u20132.72, \u20137.24, and \u20133.26% for width, length, and height, respectively. Root mean square deviation was 0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04\u2009mm overall, \u20130.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.25\u2009mm for the margin area, \u20130.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18\u2009mm for the inner area, and 0.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u2009mm for the contour. Mean gap distances at the defect site were 0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22\u2009mm (marginal) and 0.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12\u2009mm (internal), which are within clinical acceptable ranges. Clinical application showed no need for intraoperative graft adjustment. At 6 months postaugmentation, bone volume increased from 164.4\u2009\u00b1\u200937.87\u2009mm3 (initial \u03bcCT) to 169.2\u2009\u00b1\u200939.38\u2009mm3 (follow-up CBCT), though this change was not statistically significant (p\u2009=\u20090.0538). The mean dimensional change was 0.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.14\u2009mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In this pilot study, 3DHA bone block grafts demonstrated acceptable dimensional accuracy and were successfully used for alveolar ridge augmentation, indicating their potential for patient-specific applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1812864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:04:06Z","timestamp":1763424246000},"page":"1233-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dimensional Accuracy and Clinical Fitness of Customized 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Block Grafts in Alveolar Ridge Augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Pichaya","family":"Mekcha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faungchat","family":"Thammarakcharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5555-3927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jintamai","family":"Suwanprateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand"},{"name":"Thammasat University Center of Excellence in Computational Mechanics and Medical Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2554-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy Di","family":"Silvio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5074-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borvornwut","family":"Buranawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-016-0161-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the autogenous bone block transfer for dental implant placement: symphysal or ramus harvesting?","volume":"16","author":"S Ersanli","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05601-6","article-title":"L- shape symphyseal autogenous bone block for alveolar ridge augmentation in anterior maxilla and mandible, a prospective single arm clinical study","volume":"25","author":"W M Said Ahmed","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12517","article-title":"Optimized bone grafting","volume":"94","author":"R J Miron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13701","article-title":"Autogenous bone block versus collagenated xenogeneic bone block in the reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridge: a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"G A Romito","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2020.10.009","article-title":"Clinical performance of alveolar ridge augmentation with xenogeneic bone block grafts versus autogenous bone block grafts. 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