{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:41:11Z","timestamp":1764722471218,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Post coronavirus disease (COVID) syndrome is a frequent condition, resulting from the persistence of symptoms or the development of new ones, after 12 weeks of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The impact on sleep was observed worldwide, whether in the acute phase due to the direct effect of the infection or due to changes in patients' circadian cycle imposed by new routines during quarantine, dysfunctional habits, and social isolation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Given the persistence of sleep-related symptoms in patients with long-term COVID syndrome, we decided to follow-up and reassess these patients after 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The present is an observational, longitudinal, and prospective clinical study. The study took place in two stages: the first assessment between October 2020 and September 2021, with reassessment after 1 year. Participants underwent the application of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) or the Beck Inventory, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The evaluation of sleep disorders involved a comprehensive clinical history obtained through a structured questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 46 cases with sleep complaints, 7 refused to return for a new assessment. Thus, 39 patients were included, of which 9 persisted with insomnia (23.07%) and 2 patients persisted with central hypersomnia (5.12%). The persistence of cognitive complaints was also higher in patients with insomnia when compared with those without it (N\u2009=\u20095; 56%, p\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Given the persistence of patients with insomnia and central hypersomnia, the damage to the central nervous system may be lasting, reinforcing the need for follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1812890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:37:44Z","timestamp":1764722264000},"page":"001-007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent sleep symptoms in post-COVID syndrome: a Brazilian prospective clinical study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2613-2568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alissa Elen Formiga","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Walter Cant\u00eddio, Departamento de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."},{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio Christus, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-6695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Nunes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Walter Cant\u00eddio, Departamento de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Departamento de Medicina Cl\u00ednica, Sess\u00e3o de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7405-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Wagner Leonel","family":"Tavares J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Walter Cant\u00eddio, Departamento de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6318-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra Marangoni","family":"Fante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio Christus, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvia Leite G\u00f3es","family":"Gita\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Alagoa, Campus A.C. Sim\u00f5es, Macei\u00f3 AL, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0021-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Ribeiro","family":"N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Walter Cant\u00eddio, Departamento de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Departamento de Medicina Cl\u00ednica, Sess\u00e3o de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9186-9243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Braga-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Walter Cant\u00eddio, Departamento de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Departamento de Medicina Cl\u00ednica, Sess\u00e3o de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1, Centro de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9619-6551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoel Alves","family":"Sobreira-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Walter Cant\u00eddio, Departamento de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Departamento de Medicina Cl\u00ednica, Sess\u00e3o de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"08","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2001017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.01.014","article-title":"Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"M S Alkodaymi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13443","article-title":"New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"165","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1551-9734","article-title":"[S1 Guideline Post-COVID\/Long-COVID]","volume":"75","author":"A R Koczulla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"A Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243882","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243882","article-title":"Persistence of symptoms and quality of life at 35 days after hospitalization for COVID-19 infection","volume":"15","author":"L G Jacobs","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s41782-020-00118-0","article-title":"COVID-Somnia: How the Pandemic Affects Sleep\/Wake Regulation and How to Deal with it?","volume":"4","author":"R Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Vigil"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.08.030","article-title":"Sleep disorder syndromes of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) \/ Long Covid","volume":"123","author":"F MS Coelho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02940-7","article-title":"Central hypersomnia and chronic insomnia: expanding the spectrum of sleep disorders in long COVID syndrome - a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"A EF Moura","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1590\/s1980-57642008dn10200015","article-title":"Brazilian adaptation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R)","volume":"1","author":"V A Carvalho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e645","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000011150","article-title":"Teaching NeuroImages: SARS-CoV-2-Related Encephalitis: MRI Pattern of Olfactory Tract Involvement","volume":"96","author":"O Casez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14439","article-title":"Angiotensin II, a stress-related neuropeptide in the CNS, facilitates micturition reflex in rats","volume":"175","author":"S Shimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.96","article-title":"A clinicopathological approach to the diagnosis of dementia","volume":"13","author":"F M Elahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref14","first-page":"287","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders \u2013 third edition (ICSD-3)","volume":"281","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014","journal-title":"AASM Resource Library"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e236330","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236330","article-title":"Case of COVID-19 in a 5-week-old baby","volume":"13","author":"R Fleming","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.115.03624","article-title":"Angiotensin-II, the Brain, and Hypertension: An Update","volume":"66","author":"C N Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1212\/con.0000000000001272","article-title":"Neurologic Complications of COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"C Gill","year":"2023","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100836","article-title":"Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction: current status and research recommendations for high risk population","volume":"38","author":"M Quan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129459","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1129459","article-title":"Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: A call to action from the interventions taskforce of the RECOVER initiative","volume":"14","author":"H Bonilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200204000-00007","article-title":"Epidemiologic survey of dementia in a community-dwelling Brazilian population","volume":"16","author":"E Herrera Jr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.09.011","article-title":"Human coronaviruses: viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis","volume":"194","author":"M Desforges","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25855","article-title":"COVID-19-Associated Encephalopathy and Cytokine-Mediated Neuroinflammation","volume":"88","author":"L Muccioli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1212\/cpj.0000000000000897","article-title":"Potential Neurologic Manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"A S Nordvig","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank","volume":"604","author":"G Douaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3998","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26322","article-title":"Feasibility of diffusion-tensor and correlated diffusion imaging for studying white-matter microstructural abnormalities: Application in COVID-19","volume":"44","author":"N Teller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28555","article-title":"MRI Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow in Nonhospitalized Adults Who Self-Isolated Due to COVID-19","volume":"58","author":"W SH Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.006","article-title":"The neurobiology of long COVID","volume":"110","author":"M Monje","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.008","article-title":"Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation","volume":"185","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2014_300","article-title":"Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"25","author":"E F Pace-Schott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4215","article-title":"Modification of the relationship of the apolipoprotein E \u03b54 allele to the risk of Alzheimer disease and neurofibrillary tangle density by sleep","volume":"70","author":"A SP Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604351","article-title":"Sleep Disturbance, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Review","volume":"37","author":"A MV Wennberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.22.2888","article-title":"Association between apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"285","author":"H Kadotani","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018883","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables","volume":"136","author":"J Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12405","article-title":"Insomnia symptom severity and cognitive performance: Moderating role of APOE genotype","volume":"18","author":"A A Baril","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e999","DOI":"10.1212\/nxi.0000000000000999","article-title":"Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Neurologic Involvement in Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Associated With SARS-CoV-2","volume":"8","author":"M Sa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23243","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.23243","article-title":"COVID-19-Associated Encephalitis: Two Case Reports","volume":"14","author":"L M Marques","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint13030033","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Causes Relapse of Kleine-Levin Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature","volume":"13","author":"M Mar\u010di\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8668","article-title":"Narcolepsy risk and COVID-19","volume":"16","author":"E Mignot","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108489","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108489","article-title":"Risk of narcolepsy associated with inactivated adjuvanted (AS03) A\/H1N1 (2009) pandemic influenza vaccine in Quebec","volume":"9","author":"J Montplaisir","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2021.101445","article-title":"Possible role of COVID-19 in the relapse of Klein-Levin Syndrome","volume":"33","author":"A Nasrullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0045-1812890.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:37:46Z","timestamp":1764722266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0045-1812890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s00451812890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0045-1812890","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-282X","1678-4227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-282X","type":"print"},{"value":"1678-4227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}}}