{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:01:51Z","timestamp":1766448111434,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As we near the bicentenary of his birth, Jean-Martin Charcot (1825\u20131893) is remembered not only as the founder of modern neurology but also as a uomo universale. His multidisciplinary approach transcended 19th-century medicine, establishing neurology as a distinct discipline while integrating art, psychology, and philosophy into his study of the nervous system. His work laid foundations for neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS], Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis [MS]), functional neurological disorders (FNDs), and psychoanalysis, foreshadowing neuroplasticity and the mind-body connection. His innovative teaching at Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re\u2014merging anatomy with artistic documentation\u2014revolutionized medical education, inspiring figures from Freud to modern neuroscientists. Two centuries later, Charcot's legacy endures not just in eponyms but in his unifying vision of brain, mind, and art - a timeless model for interdisciplinary medicine. The present paper explores his impact on neurodegenerative research, functional disorders, medical pedagogy, and the humanities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1813236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T23:57:13Z","timestamp":1766447833000},"page":"001-005","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Jean-Martin Charcot at 200: revolutionizing neurology through a multidisciplinary lens"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8889-2573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleide da Mota","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Psiquiatria e Doen\u00e7as Mentais, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria e Instituto de Neurologia, Laborat\u00f3rio de Hist\u00f3ria da Psiquiatria, Neurologia e Sa\u00fade Mental, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7747-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Raimundo Gomes de","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Niteroi RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195076431.001.0001","volume-title":"Charcot: Constructing Neurology","author":"C G Goetz","year":"1995"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1775984","article-title":"Jean-Martin Charcot: the polymath","volume":"81","author":"C HF Camargo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130128","article-title":"Jean-Martin Charcot, father of modern neurology: an homage 120 years after his death","volume":"71","author":"Gomes M da Mota","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1159\/000087387","article-title":"Historical descriptions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"54","author":"J MS Pearce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2023.11.004","article-title":"History of ALS and the competing theories on pathogenesis: IFCN handbook chapter","volume":"9","author":"A Eisen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebr.2021.100489","article-title":"A historical review of functional neurological disorder and comparison to contemporary models","volume":"16","author":"G Raynor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav Rep"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920001789","article-title":"A framework for understanding the pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder","author":"D L Drane","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20140149","article-title":"A neurological bias in the history of hysteria: from the womb to the nervous system and Charcot","volume":"72","author":"Gomes M da Mota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"7","author":"S Freud","year":"1893"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2024.2344418","article-title":"Jean-Martin Charcot, member of thesis juries at the Paris Medical School (1862\u20131893)","volume":"34","author":"O Walusinski","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hist Neurosci"},{"key":"ref12","volume-title":"Les d\u00e9moniaques dans l'art [Internet]","author":"J M Charcot","year":"1887"},{"key":"ref13","volume-title":"Iconographie photographique de la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re: service de M","author":"D M Bourneville","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref14","volume-title":"Invention of hysteria: Charcot and the photographic iconography of the Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re [Internet]","author":"G Didi-Huberman","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref15","volume-title":"\u201cCharcot artiste.\u201d In Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re 11, 489 - 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