{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:53:39Z","timestamp":1791363219467,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Colon Rectal Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The \u201ctriple threat\u201d surgeon\u2014one who excels as a clinician, researcher, and educator\u2014has long represented the ultimate achievement in academic medicine. This model has guided generations of surgeons aspiring to excellence. The importance of leadership skills has also been recognized, leading to the modern concept of the \u201cquadruple threat.\u201d Over the last decades, many challenges have threatened the existence of this model, including increasing competition for limited funding, declining reimbursement, and increasing administrative burdens. While some view the \u201ctriple threat\u201d unachievable or unsustainable in the current environment, others use this as an opportunity to adapt the model to contemporary practice. This review examines the historical origins of the triple threat surgeon, the current challenges to this model and the steps necessary to ensure its success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1813252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:11:38Z","timestamp":1764029498000},"page":"437-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Academic Triple Threat: Incorporating Education and Research into a Busy Colorectal Surgery Career"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Kellie L.","family":"Mathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa035205","article-title":"Surgeon volume and operative mortality in the United States","volume":"349","author":"J D Birkmeyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2024.01.008","article-title":"The triple threat: the quintessential goal of faculty development","volume":"82","author":"E R Carlson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1356718","article-title":"Scholarship in academic surgery: history, challenges, and ideas for the future","volume":"26","author":"S L Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960220802","article-title":"Can the triple-threat academic physician exist in the new millennium?","volume":"22","author":"C R Conti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.03.057","article-title":"Attrition of the cardiothoracic surgeon-scientist: definition of the problem and remedial strategies","volume":"158","author":"J S Ikonomidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-199802000-00008","article-title":"Why the triple-threat approach threatens the viability of academic medical centers","volume":"73","author":"K L Pellegrin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002192","article-title":"The extinction of the surgeon scientist","volume":"265","author":"M R Kibbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00533-7","article-title":"The Oslerian triple-threat: an endangered species? A survey of department of medicine chairs","volume":"109","author":"R S Hebert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002009","article-title":"The future of basic science in academic surgery: identifying barriers to success for surgeon-scientists","volume":"265","author":"S G Keswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091479","article-title":"Prevalence of burnout in medical and surgical residents: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Z X Low","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref11","first-page":"e50173","article-title":"A contemporary review of barriers and methods to fostering academic urologists","volume":"15","author":"F Nakamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/544393b","article-title":"More surgeons must start doing basic science","volume":"544","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-7-37","article-title":"Medical school faculty discontent: prevalence and predictors of intent to leave academic careers","volume":"7","author":"S R Lowenstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002840","article-title":"A roadmap for aspiring surgeon-scientists in today's healthcare environment","volume":"269","author":"A M Goldstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.12.015","article-title":"NIH funding for surgeon-scientists in the US: what is the current status?","volume":"232","author":"L A Demblowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.11.039","article-title":"Are surgeons behind the scientific eight ball: Delayed acquisition of the NIH K08 mentored career development award","volume":"219","author":"B D Hosfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e233630","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.3630","article-title":"Gender disparity in National Institutes of Health funding among surgeon-scientists from 1995 to 2020","volume":"6","author":"M Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.5157","article-title":"Current status of National Institutes of Health research funding for women surgeon-scientists","volume":"157","author":"A Saif","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.10.179","article-title":"Solutions for surgeon-scientists","volume":"159","author":"J S Ikonomidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.12.042","article-title":"Gender disparities in academic vascular surgeons","volume":"72","author":"M Carnevale","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002667","article-title":"Editorial (Spring) Board? Gender composition in high-impact general surgery journals over 20 years","volume":"269","author":"C A Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2016.03.060","article-title":"Gender disparities in scholarly productivity of US academic surgeons","volume":"203","author":"C M Mueller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182111120","article-title":"Is there still a glass ceiling for women in academic surgery?","volume":"253","author":"Y Zhuge","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9391","article-title":"Differences in Mentor-Mentee Sponsorship in Male vs Female Recipients of National Institutes of Health Grants","volume":"177","author":"E W Patton","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(03)00308-4","article-title":"The supportive academic environment: ingredients for success","volume":"29","author":"N F Schor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006148","article-title":"Transforming the future of surgeon-scientists","volume":"279","author":"D P Ladner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/000313482008600340","article-title":"Factors affecting research productivity of trauma surgeons","volume":"86","author":"A Elkbuli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.3816","article-title":"\u201cChoose your own threat\u201d-a modern paradigm for academic surgery","volume":"159","author":"J J Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0045-1813252.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:37:44Z","timestamp":1791362264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0045-1813252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0045-1813252","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-0043","1530-9681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-0043","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]}}}