{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:04:44Z","timestamp":1780959884013,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Colon Rectal Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quality modern colorectal surgery education demands more than simply teaching technical skills; it requires a deep understanding of how surgeons learn. This article explores foundational pedagogical theories that support effective instruction across all stages of surgical training. Cognitive load theory, behaviorist models, and constructivist approaches such as experiential and social learning are examined for their relevance to surgical education. Deliberate practice and mastery learning frameworks offer structured methods for developing procedural expertise. Teaching strategies such as simulation and feedback models are discussed to promote competence and autonomy. Additionally, the article considers emotional and motivational components of learning, highlighting the roles of self-efficacy, feedback, and reflective practice. By aligning educational practice with established theory, colorectal surgeons can more effectively train future colleagues and elevate standards of care, professionalism, and continuous learning in a dynamic healthcare landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1813668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:09:21Z","timestamp":1764374961000},"page":"261-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Foundational Excellence: Theories for Modern Colorectal Surgery Education\u2014Key Pedagogical Frameworks and Strategies that Every Colorectal Surgeon Teaching Medical Students, Residents, and Co-workers Should Know"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Beaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Des Moines University, West Des Moines, Iowa, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Cleary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital Trinity Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Educational underpinnings and their application to surgery resident education","author":"A K Sachdeva","year":"2021"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26585","article-title":"Preceptoring, proctoring, mentoring, and coaching in surgery","volume":"124","author":"A K Sachdeva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective","author":"D H Schunk","year":"2012","edition":"6th ed."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"267","article-title":"The training of the surgeon","volume":"15","author":"W S Halsted","year":"1904","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4","article-title":"Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning","volume":"12","author":"J Sweller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"About Behaviorism","author":"B F Skinner","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2547-5_2","volume-title":"The role of action in the development of thinking","author":"J Piaget","year":"1977"},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development","author":"D A Kolb","year":"1984"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.650741","article-title":"Experiential learning: AMEE guide no. 63","volume":"34","author":"S Yardley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"key":"ref10","volume-title":"Social Learning Theory","author":"A Bandura","year":"1977"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2011.595434","article-title":"Self-regulation theory: applications to medical education: AMEE guide no. 58","volume":"33","author":"J Sandars","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001422","article-title":"Why does this learner perform poorly on tests? 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