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This view began to change in the 1990s, when studies with patients with isolated cerebellar lesions revealed cognitive and affective disturbances that could not be solely explained by cortical dysfunction. Subsequent anatomical, neuroimaging, and clinical investigations demonstrated robust reciprocal connectivity between the cerebellum and prefrontal regions, while functional imaging confirmed cerebellar activation during cognitive tasks without any motor component. Cognitive impairment linked to cerebellar dysfunction is now recognized as a prominent feature of spinocerebellar ataxias, and it has also been reported in other major neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the aim of the current narrative review is to synthesize and critically analyze the pathophysiological, neuropathological, genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging evidence that underscores the cerebellum's essential contributions to cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1814378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T23:36:25Z","timestamp":1769384185000},"page":"001-012","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The cognitive cerebellum: a hub for motor, emotional, and executive control"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4802-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata Barreto","family":"Ten\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Interna, Disciplina de Doen\u00e7as Neurodegenerativas, Curitiba PR, Brazil."},{"name":"Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba, Setor de Neurogen\u00e9tica, Curitiba PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2821-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa Aline","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Interna, Disciplina de Doen\u00e7as Neurodegenerativas, Curitiba PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0207-3671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo L.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Setor de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Servi\u00e7o de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Curitiba PR, Brazil."},{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Curitiba PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3368-8492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus Vin\u00edcius","family":"Della Coletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Interna, Disciplina de Doen\u00e7as Neurodegenerativas, Curitiba PR, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus AM, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2305-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lio Afonso Ghizoni","family":"Teive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Interna, Disciplina de Doen\u00e7as Neurodegenerativas, Curitiba PR, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Setor de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Departamento de Cl\u00ednica M\u00e9dica, Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Curitiba PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3533-0347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Henrique Ferreira","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Interna, Disciplina de Doen\u00e7as Neurodegenerativas, Curitiba PR, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","first-page":"17","article-title":"O cerebelo e suas principais conex\u00f5es: estudo com tensor de difus\u00e3o","volume":"45","author":"E Engelhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530230086029","article-title":"An emerging concept. 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