{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:15:20Z","timestamp":1787004920471,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Nucl Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Primary aldosteronism (PA) may present as either unilateral or bilateral disease. Differentiating unilateral forms\u2014unilateral aldosterone\u2013 producing adenoma (APA) and unilateral adrenal hyperplasia\u2014from bilateral forms\u2014bilateral APA, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH)\u2014is critical, as the management strategies differ. Currently, PA subtyping is performed using adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and computed tomography (CT). However, AVS is invasive and technically demanding, and CT has limited accuracy. CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor type 4) expression is higher in APAs than in normal adrenal tissue and non-functional tumors. Pentixafor, a CXCR4-specific ligand labelled with 68Ga, has shown potential for PA subtyping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective observational study included 13 patients with confirmed PA who underwent 68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography\/computed tomography (PET\/CT) and 13 individuals without PA as controls. Both visual and semi-quantitative analyses were used to classify patients with PA into unilateral or bilateral subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Among the 13 patients with PA, 10 were diagnosed with unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) and three with bilateral primary aldosteronism (BPA) based on 68Ga-pentixafor PET\/CT. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV)max, SUVratio, and adrenal\/liver ratios were significantly higher in patients with UPA than in those with BPA and controls. The 10 patients with UPA underwent adrenalectomy, with histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirming the diagnosis. All 10 patients achieved complete biochemical remission post-surgery. The three patients with BPA were started on medical therapy and also achieved biochemical remission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>68Ga-Pentixafor PET\/CT is a promising non-invasive imaging modality for PA subtyping and may serve as an alternative to AVS in cases where AVS is inconclusive, non-diagnostic, or contraindicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0045-1814732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T23:53:55Z","timestamp":1767657235000},"page":"012-018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool for Determining the Subtype of Primary Aldosteronism Using 68Ga Pentixafor PET\/CT"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ashish K.","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indirani Muthukrishnan","family":"Elangovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4341-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh Kumar","family":"Gauthaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.09.057","article-title":"Primary aldosteronism: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"74","author":"G P Rossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","article-title":"The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and treatment: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"J W Funder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.06.051","article-title":"Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism","volume":"136","author":"W F Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146613","article-title":"Impact of different diagnostic criteria during adrenal vein sampling on reproducibility of subtype diagnosis in patients with primary aldosteronism","volume":"55","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09975","article-title":"Targeting CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor type 4) for molecular imaging of aldosterone-producing adenoma","volume":"71","author":"B Heinze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09058-x","article-title":"Functional nodules in primary aldosteronism: identification of CXCR4 expression with 68Ga-pentixafor PET\/CT","volume":"33","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04722-0","article-title":"Imaging CXCR4 expression in patients with suspected primary hyperaldosteronism","volume":"47","author":"J Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30135-3","article-title":"Outcomes after adrenalectomy for unilateral primary aldosteronism: an international consensus on outcome measures and analysis of remission rates in an international cohort","volume":"5","author":"T A Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.121.261964","article-title":"Functional characterization of adrenocortical masses in nononcologic patients using Ga-68 pentixafor","volume":"63","author":"J Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.266061","article-title":"Clinical value of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET\/CT in subtype diagnosis of primary aldosteronism patients with adrenal micronodules","volume":"65","author":"J Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2023.09.002","article-title":"Advances in PET Imaging of the CXCR4 Receptor: [68Ga]Ga-PentixaFor","volume":"54","author":"L Lindenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291775","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1291775","article-title":"A comparison of the performance of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET\/CT versus adrenal vein sampling for subtype diagnosis in primary aldosteronism","volume":"15","author":"X Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-024-01125-2","article-title":"Clinical value of 68Ga-pentixafor PET\/CT in patients with primary aldosteronism and bilateral lesions: preliminary results of a single-centre study","volume":"14","author":"R Zuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Nuclear 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