{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:39:13Z","timestamp":1782229153365,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neurocritical care (NCC) education involves integrating knowledge and skills into various complex areas. While the USA, Canada, and Europe regulate didactic core training for medical residencies and fellowships, the quantity and quality of these training programs in Brazil remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To assess how NCC training is currently integrated into neurology and intensive care residency programs in Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey composed of 27 multiple-choice and short-answer questions was distributed by email to professionals registered in national congresses and medical organizations. Data regarding exposure to NCC training, duration, supervision, infrastructure, and self-perceived competencies were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 208 responses from 82 centers across 14 Brazilian states were included. Respondents were primarily neurologists (58.2%) and intensivists (28.2%). Only 50.5% reported receiving NCC training during residency, typically lasting more than 4 weeks. Training predominantly occurred in intensive care units with 5 to 20 beds, supervised by intensivists. However, exposure to specialized skills was limited: 23% to transcranial Doppler, 21% to electroencephalogram (EEG) interpretation, and 24% to multimodal neuromonitoring. Confidence in managing complex cases was suboptimal, with 56% reporting confidence in postcardiac arrest care, 47% in refractory intracranial hypertension, and 40% in spinal cord trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Neurocritical care education in Brazil is heterogeneous and remains at an early stage of development. Most residents receive limited exposure to advanced neurocritical skills, resulting in low confidence to independently manage highly complex conditions. Standardized, competency-based training programs are urgently needed to enhance professional preparedness and potentially improve patient outcomes in NCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1816040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:30:41Z","timestamp":1772235041000},"page":"001-008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Is it time to develop neurocritical care education in Brazil? Analysis of the Brazilian national survey on education in neurocritical care"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2613-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thire Baggio Machado","family":"Marazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0310-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Millene Rodrigues","family":"Camilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3785-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Oscar","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Toronto ON, Canada."},{"name":"Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston MA, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6062-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Vitale","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4469-8645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Kurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."},{"name":"Instituto Estadual do C\u00e9rebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3247-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gisele Sampaio","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."},{"name":"Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0317-843X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oct\u00e1vio Marques","family":"Pontes-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Ci\u00eancias do Comportamento, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2151-5","article-title":"Costs, outcome and cost-effectiveness of neurocritical care: a multi-center observational study","volume":"22","author":"R Raj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4407","article-title":"Neurocritical Care Outcomes, Research, and Technology: A Review","volume":"76","author":"K M Busl","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000146132.29042.4C","article-title":"Length of stay and mortality in neurocritically ill patients: impact of a specialized neurocritical care team","volume":"32","author":"J I 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