{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:58:59Z","timestamp":1772236739768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) presents with both motor and non-motor symptoms. Postural and gait aspects, as well as the risk of falls, are important causes of morbidity and mortality in PD. The neural correlates of PD are alterations in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and, among other sites mentioned, the pontine peduncle nucleus stands out. Noninvasive neuromodulation, such as galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), can be used in the neural centers involved in motor control alterations in PD. Projections from the vestibular system are involved in motor control and can stimulate the basal nuclei and the pontine peduncle nucleus, as well as strengthen neural networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To analyze the effects of GVS associated with physical-functional exercise on the motor control of PD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants with PD, diagnosed through the Hoehn &amp; Yahr scale (HY) 2 or 3, will be allocated to groups. Pre- and postintervention and follow-up assessments will follow a structured protocol of physical-functional instruments, as recommended in the European Guidelines for managing people with PD. The intervention for both groups will follow the American Neurofunctional Physical Therapy Guideline for managing people with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>It is expected that, in the experimental group, the exercises will be associated with active GVS. Finally, a descriptive and statistical analysis must be conducted to verify the effects of GVS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The study of new devices focusing on motor control in PD is a novel approach and warrants further investigation in the context of vestibular function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1816041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:30:41Z","timestamp":1772235041000},"page":"001-007","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease: study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8280-6320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina Costa","family":"Boffino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Assist\u00eancia M\u00e9dica ao Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual (IAMSPE-HSPE), S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Laborat\u00f3rio de Psicopatologia e Terap\u00eautica Psiqui\u00e1trica, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."},{"name":"Universidade Municipal de S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul, Departamento de Sa\u00fade, S\u00e3o Caetano do Sul SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7864-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tali Yael","family":"Holzhacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Faculdade de Fisioterapia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9937-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Maria Azevedo","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Assist\u00eancia M\u00e9dica ao Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual (IAMSPE-HSPE), Setor de Dist\u00farbio do Movimento, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5975-374X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael C.","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Laboratory of Vestibular Neuroadaptation, Baltimore MD, United States of America."},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baltimore MD, United States of America."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9138-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"Don\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Assist\u00eancia M\u00e9dica ao Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital do Servidor P\u00fablico Estadual (IAMSPE-HSPE), S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120414","article-title":"The effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on postural balance in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"442","author":"M Mahmud","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"s40","article-title":"Parkinson's disease \u2013 Part 1: Pathophysiology, symptoms, burden, diagnosis, and assessment","volume":"14","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20806","article-title":"Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in the elderly: a community-based 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