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Acute muscle pain (myalgia), weakness, and edema are associated with serum levels of the muscle enzyme creatine kinase (CK) above 1,000\u2009IU\/L or 5 times the upper limit of the normal value. This narrative review provides an overview of the clinical and laboratory findings, etiology, treatment, and prevention of rhabdomyolysis in humans. Additionally, we highlighted the main syndromes and muscular disorders associated with rhabdomyolysis: 1. Clinical syndromes: neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotoninergic syndrome, sympathomimetic syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, and anesthesia-induced rhabdomyolysis; and 2. Myopathies: toxic myopathies, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies, ion channel diseases, glycogen storage diseases, fatty acid beta oxidation defects, and mitochondrial myopathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1824437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T23:35:05Z","timestamp":1782257705000},"page":"001-013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rhabdomyolysis: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6209-2332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia Harumi","family":"Tengan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-4937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Acary Souza 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