{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T23:48:03Z","timestamp":1782258483821,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oxidative stress, collagen synthesis, and inflammatory processes have a role in orthodontic movement of teeth. Vitamins C and E play supportive roles, but awareness among dental professionals might not be sufficient. This article aims to compare awareness of the role of vitamins C and E in orthodontic preventive care among Iraqi dental students and practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article aims to compare awareness of the role of vitamins C and E in orthodontic preventive care among Iraqi dental students and practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample population of 490 respondents (234 undergraduates, 146 general and non-orthodontic practitioners, and 110 orthodontic practitioners). The survey questions covered the topics of awareness, behavior, perception, and attitudes. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests, with the level of statistical significance set at p\u2009=\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The level of awareness was greatest in orthodontic practitioners (58.2%), followed by undergraduates (42.3%) and general practitioners (28.8%). Use of nutritional supplements was also not very common, and intake of vitamin C\u2013rich foods was more often than vitamin E\u2013rich foods. The most preferred method for vitamin administration was systemic supplementation; however, the lack of strong evidence remained the main concern regarding the administration of vitamins C and E. The attitudes of all groups were positive toward the incorporation of nutritional adjuncts in patient care and education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Orthodontic practitioners were the most aware of vitamins C and E in prevention care in orthodontics; students, general, and non-orthodontic dentists had significant gaps in their knowledge. Although there were positive attitudes toward the use of nutrition in education and patient care, there was limited use of supplements, and more robust evidence and improvement of the curriculum is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1824438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T23:29:36Z","timestamp":1782257376000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Assessment of Dental Awareness Regarding Nutritional Adjuncts (Vitamins C and E) in Orthodontic Preventive Care: Insights from Different Academic Groups (A Cross-Sectional Survey)"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Ayat M.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dijlah University, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassir A.","family":"Yassir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noor R.","family":"Al-Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant T.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hande","family":"Uzuncibuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University, Edirne Merkez\/Edirne, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Marrapodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India"},{"name":"Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli,\u201d Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Minervini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2018.01.007","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement: the biology and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Y Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-023-00826-2","article-title":"Osteocyte mechanotransduction in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"21","author":"H Seddiqi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos 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