{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:53:35Z","timestamp":1791363215231,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":158,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Hear"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A healthcare profession's economic position is determined not only by its educational preparation or clinical scope, but also by how its services are classified, reimbursed, and translated into professional labor demand. This article examines audiology through the integrated framework of professional taxonomy, revenue generation, and labor economics to explain the structural factors underlying the profession's current economic position within the U.S. healthcare system. Drawing on principles of labor economics and evidence synthesized from companion analyses of workforce supply and professional earnings, the manuscript characterizes how regulatory classification, reimbursement authority, and prevailing revenue models interact to shape the valuation and deployment of audiologic labor. The analysis argues that audiology occupies a hybrid position spanning diagnostic, therapeutic, and product-linked models without achieving full economic recognition within any of them. This structural misalignment limits independent billing authority, constrains pricing power, weakens the relationship between clinical expertise and professional revenue, and contributes to compressed earnings, restricted workforce growth, and limited scalability of service delivery. Understanding these interdependent structural relationships provides an explanatory framework for interpreting audiology's workforce and economic challenges and establishes a foundation for evaluating future policy, reimbursement, and practice model reforms intended to strengthen the profession's long-term sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1825787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:37:22Z","timestamp":1791362242000},"page":"102-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Audiology at the Intersection of Labor, Revenue, and Professional Taxonomy"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Victor","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osborne Audiology Department, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-7287.2009.00162.x","article-title":"The rise and impact of nurse practitioners and physician assistants on their own and cross-occupation incomes","volume":"27","author":"J J Perry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contemporary Economic Policy"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.1463","article-title":"Direct access to physical therapy for the patient with musculoskeletal disorders, a literature review","volume":"29","author":"L Piano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HJ.0000770996.72603.ea","article-title":"Evaluating audiology pricing models","volume":"74","author":"G Glantz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hear J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593994","article-title":"The future of private practice in audiology","volume":"37","author":"D A Fabry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"20Q: Audiology economics","author":"A M Amlani","year":"2023"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","first-page":"3","article-title":"President's message: hanging out your shingle","volume":"17","author":"A M Amlani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Audiol Pract"},{"key":"ref9","volume-title":"Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, First Edition","author":"G S Becker","year":"1964"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1825788","article-title":"Economics of audiology wages: benchmarking a doctoral health profession within US healthcare","volume":"47","author":"V Bray","year":"2026","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Labor Economics, 9th Edition","author":"G J Borjas","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.heslab.2025.07.001","article-title":"Skills and human capital in the labor market","volume":"6","author":"D Deming","year":"2025","journal-title":"Handbook Labor Econ"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2023.10.008","article-title":"The true benefits of veterinary practice ownership","volume":"54","author":"D Markwalder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38899","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22717-5","article-title":"The global burden of hearing loss and its comorbidity with chronic diseases: a comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2021","volume":"15","author":"Y Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0046-1825787.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:37:27Z","timestamp":1791362247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0046-1825787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0046-1825787","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0734-0451","1098-8955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0734-0451","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}}}