{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:53:34Z","timestamp":1791363214439,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":158,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Hear"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Access to audiology services is shaped not only by clinical competence but also by the statutory language that defines the profession under state licensure laws and federal Medicare policy. This article examines how audiology's legal nomenclature and taxonomy influence scope of practice, reimbursement, and patient access to hearing and balance care in the United States. State audiology practice acts and federal Medicare statutes are compared with those governing other clinical healthcare professions to identify structural differences in professional classification and covered services. The analysis demonstrates that many state practice acts have not evolved alongside the profession's transition to doctoral-level education, resulting in outdated definitions that fail to recognize contemporary responsibilities related to diagnosis, management, treatment, prescribing authority, and the use of clinical extenders. At the federal level, Medicare continues to classify audiology primarily as a diagnostic supplier service, creating gaps in coverage for treatment services and limiting participation in modern reimbursement models. These statutory and regulatory inconsistencies contribute to fragmented care, unnecessary administrative burdens, reduced access for Medicare beneficiaries, and underutilization of audiologists' clinical expertise. Modernizing professional nomenclature and taxonomy at both the state and federal levels is presented as a foundational step toward improving access, aligning regulation with contemporary practice, and strengthening hearing healthcare delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1825793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:37:22Z","timestamp":1791362242000},"page":"108-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Audiology's Nomenclature and Taxonomy Under the Law: Implications for Access and Coverage of Audiology Services"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Czuhajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Doctors of Audiology, Frankfort, Kentucky, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deb","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audigy, Vancouver, Washington, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Cavitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology Resources, Chicago, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Ten highlights from the history of audiology","volume":"26","author":"J Jerger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hearing Review"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e073933","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-073933","article-title":"Provision of evaluation and management visits by nurse practitioners and physician assistants in the USA from 2013 to 2019: cross-sectional time series study","volume":"382","author":"S Y Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.152239","article-title":"Primary care in dentistry\u2014an untapped potential","volume":"4","author":"R S Gambhir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.11.699","article-title":"Primary care physical therapy practice models","volume":"35","author":"B P Murphy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.7547\/0003-0538-105.2.198","article-title":"The role of podiatric medicine in the health-care team. A paradigm shift","volume":"105","author":"L A Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Podiatr Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e073933","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-073933","article-title":"Provision of evaluation and management visits by nurse practitioners and physician assistants in the USA from 2013 to 2019: cross-sectional time series study","volume":"382","author":"S Y Patel","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"Hearing Loss","author":"S Anastasiadou"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.06.008","article-title":"Comorbidities of hearing loss and the implications of multimorbidity for audiological care","volume":"369","author":"J Besser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2023063288","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-063288","article-title":"Hearing assessment in infants, children, and adolescents: recommendations beyond neonatal screening","volume":"152","author":"C Bower","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01406-X","article-title":"Hearing intervention versus health education control to reduce cognitive decline in older adults with hearing loss in the USA (ACHIEVE): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"402","author":"F R Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18461","article-title":"Consistent hearing aid use is associated with lower fall prevalence and risk in older adults with hearing loss","volume":"71","author":"L Campos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2025.0056","article-title":"Hearing loss and falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"B SY Yeo","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76S","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000219","article-title":"Language outcomes in young children with mild to severe hearing loss","volume":"36","author":"J B Tomblin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref37","first-page":"20","article-title":"What is chiropractic radiology?","volume":"11","author":"P Hildebrant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology Today"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4103\/2321-4848.144367","article-title":"The rise of physical therapy: a history in footsteps","volume":"2","author":"A R Shaik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref44","first-page":"59","article-title":"President's message: wrapping up 2023 and tying a bow around it! Reviewing paths to imaging privileges for physical therapists\u2014I-SIG president's message","volume":"35","author":"B UK Steiner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Practice."}],"container-title":["Seminars in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0046-1825793.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:37:30Z","timestamp":1791362250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0046-1825793"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0046-1825793","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0734-0451","1098-8955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0734-0451","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}}}