{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:02:24Z","timestamp":1789516944783,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The etiopathogenesis of antrochoanal polyp remans debatable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To understand antrochoanal polyp development and to assess anatomical and pathological risk factors for its formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This study included 40 subjects with antrochoanal polyp as a study group and a control group of 40 subjects with unilateral maxillary sinusitis. We compared the groups with respect to pathologic variants including the presence of thickened mucosal lining and antral cyst in the contralateral maxillary sinus. We also compared groups regarding anatomic variants such as nasal septal deviation, accessory maxillary sinus ostium, concha bullosa, paradoxical middle turbinate, and uncinate process insertion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Antral cyst was found in the contralateral maxillary sinus was significantly more prevalent in subjects with antrochoanal polyp than in subjects with unilateral maxillary sinusitis. Additionally, nasal septal deviation toward the opposite side of the pathology was significantly more frequent in antrochoanal polyp group than in unilateral maxillary sinusitis group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Antrochoanal polyp is suggested to originate from an antral cyst in the maxillary sinus, which extends into the nasal cavity due to pressure changes within the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. Changes in the nasal cavity airflow caused by nasal septal deviation toward the opposite side of the affected maxillary antrum may represent an important risk factor for antrochoanal polyp formation from a pre-existing antral cyst.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1827782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:11:32Z","timestamp":1789513892000},"page":"001-005","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antrochoanal Polyps: Nasal Anatomical and Pathological Variants as Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2421-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Adel","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8845-3871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maisara Mohamed Mahmoud","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-9862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Ali Mohamed","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-0329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamer El Zaeem","family":"Esmaeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0094-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osama Galal","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)32583-7","article-title":"The origin of choanal polypi","volume":"168","author":"G Killian","year":"1906","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1988.01860230064025","article-title":"Origin of the choanal polyp","volume":"114","author":"O Berg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139307200607","article-title":"Antrochoanal polyposis: a review of 33 cases","volume":"72","author":"P R Cook","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.02.035","article-title":"Endoscopic sinus surgery for antrochoanal polyps in children","volume":"135","author":"T-J Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","first-page":"168","article-title":"Antro-choanal polyp: a 10-year retrospective study in the pediatric population with a review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"J M Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","first-page":"267","article-title":"[Endonasal microsurgery of antro-choanal polyps]","volume":"46","author":"J J Piquet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488909125554","article-title":"On the diagnosis and pathogenesis of intramural maxillary cysts","volume":"108","author":"O Berg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","first-page":"21","article-title":"Antrochoanal polyp: analysis of 200 cases","volume":"29","author":"P Frosini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000000290","article-title":"Bilateral antrochoanal polyp: a case report of an extremely rare entity managed conservatively with a review from the past 26 years","volume":"85","author":"F K Almarri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3182108f0a","article-title":"Bilateral antrochoanal polyps: possible pathogenesis","volume":"22","author":"M Al-Qudah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_419_18","article-title":"Anatomic variations associated with antrochoanal polyps","volume":"22","author":"M Gursoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3460-1","article-title":"The analysis of the maxillary sinus volumes and the nasal septal deviation in patients with antrochoanal polyps","volume":"272","author":"S Ayd\u0131n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref14","first-page":"236","article-title":"Paraseptal structural changes and chronic sinus disease in relation to the deviated septum","volume":"26","author":"M M Elahi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","first-page":"81","article-title":"Antrochoanal polyps: analysis of 16 cases","volume":"36","author":"D Akta\u015f","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0175-y","article-title":"Endoscopic treatment of antrochoanal polyps","volume":"264","author":"C Bozzo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0046-1827782.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:11:37Z","timestamp":1789513897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0046-1827782"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s00461827782"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0046-1827782","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}