{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:21Z","timestamp":1790121621115,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the study was to compare the relative accuracy of direct intraoral scanning and reverse scanning techniques (RST) for abutment-level implant impressions, with specific evaluation of putty-only impressions and alginate casts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>An in vitro study was conducted using a 3D-printed mandibular edentulous model with four multiunit abutments. Three techniques were compared (five scans per technique; 15 digital datasets in total): (1) direct IOS (iTero Element 5D) with manufacturer-provided scan bodies; (2) reverse scanning of a putty-only impression (addition silicone); and (3) reverse scanning of an alginate cast (Cavex Cream) poured in Type IV dental stone. Both reverse scans were performed using a laboratory scanner (Medit T510). Linear distances between the scan body center points were measured in the anterior (canine-to-canine) and posterior (molar-to-molar) regions using exocad software. As no independent gold standard was used, outcomes represent relative differences between techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's HSD post-hoc test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (p &lt;0.05). Direct IOS produced the smallest relative deviations, followed by reverse scanning of alginate casts, while putty-only impressions exhibited the greatest relative deviations, particularly in the posterior region. Posterior deviations were significantly greater than anterior deviations. A significant technique and region interaction indicated that putty-only impressions were disproportionately affected in the posterior region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, direct IOS demonstrated the highest relative accuracy. Reverse scanning of alginate casts showed intermediate accuracy, whereas putty-only impressions exhibited substantially greater relative deviations, particularly in the posterior regions. Material and technique selection significantly influence impression accuracy; direct IOS should be preferred when clinically feasible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Accurate implant impressions are critical for achieving a passive fit and long-term success of implant-supported prostheses. This study indicates that direct intraoral scanning provides superior accuracy compared with RSTs, particularly in the posterior regions. When digital workflows are not feasible, alginate casts may offer a more reliable alternative to putty-only impressions, thereby helping clinicians select appropriate impression techniques to improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1827796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:09:28Z","timestamp":1790118568000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy of Direct Intraoral Versus Reverse Scanning for Abutment-Level Implant Impressions: an In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","author":[{"given":"Sumit Jairao","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diksha Rajkumar","family":"Kasnale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konark","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvez","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Sinnurkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Al Badar Rural Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3854-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Rokaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.10.023","article-title":"Evaluation of survival and success rates of dental implants reported in longitudinal studies with a follow-up period of at least 10 years: a systematic review","volume":"44","author":"V Moraschini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","first-page":"e96471","article-title":"Patient satisfaction with dental implants in the upper and lower arches placed in a tertiary care setting: a qualitative study","volume":"17","author":"K Shreya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02505-7","article-title":"Digital assessment of the accuracy of implant impression techniques in free end saddle partially edentulous patients. A controlled clinical trial","volume":"22","author":"M M Dohiem","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14010071","article-title":"Accuracy of full-arch intraoral scans versus conventional impression: a systematic review with a meta-analysis and a proposal to standardise the analysis of the accuracy","volume":"14","author":"P Pesce","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042026","article-title":"Accuracy of digital dental implants impression taking with intraoral scanners compared with conventional impression techniques: a systematic review of in vitro studies","volume":"19","author":"M I Albanchez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","first-page":"e89","article-title":"Comparative in vitro study of the accuracy of impression techniques for dental implants: direct technique with an elastomeric impression material versus intraoral scanner","volume":"24","author":"C Rech-Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13211","article-title":"Digital vs conventional implant impressions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"P Papaspyridakos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105559","article-title":"Accuracy of digital and conventional implant impressions in edentulous jaws: a clinical comparative study","volume":"153","author":"A Kernen-Gintaute","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1758798","article-title":"Linear accuracy of intraoral scanners for 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Rohanian","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104717","article-title":"Accuracy of a chairside reverse scanbody workflow for a complete arch implant-supported prosthesis using four intraoral scanners versus a desktop scanner","volume":"138","author":"P Nuytens","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.14094","article-title":"Comparative analyses of accuracy between digital and conventional impressions for complete-arch implant-supported fixed dental prostheses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"A Alfaraj","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"}],"container-title":["European Journal of 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