{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:48:41Z","timestamp":1791593321662,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arq Neuropsiquiatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Movement disorders comprise a heterogeneous spectrum of neurological conditions characterized by impaired motor control. Limited epidemiological data exist for Latin American populations, particularly for Mexican Mestizos.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To characterize the epidemiological profile and clinical features of movement disorders in a large cohort of Mexican Mestizo patients evaluated at a public tertiary referral center in western Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a 10-year retrospective cohort study (2012\u20132022) analyzing medical records from the Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, a public tertiary university hospital from the western region of Mexico. Inclusion criteria were confirmed movement disorder diagnosis and a minimum of two clinical evaluations. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1,830 records (mean age 58.5\u2009\u00b1\u200917.0 years, 53.9% female, all self-identified as Mexican Mestizo), hypokinetic disorders comprised 63.9% (n\u2009=\u20091,170) and hyperkinetic disorders 36.1% (n\u2009=\u2009660). Parkinsonism (63.6%, n\u2009=\u20091,163) and tremor (11.3%, n\u2009=\u2009206) were the most frequent subtypes. Hypokinetic disorders were associated with older age (64.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8 vs. 48.5\u2009\u00b1\u200918.9 years, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), hypertension (OR\u2009=\u20092.29; 1.78\u20132.95; p\u2009=\u20090.001), and smoking (OR\u2009=\u20091.51; 1.13\u20132.03; p\u2009=\u20090.005). Hyperkinetic disorders were associated with male sex (OR\u2009=\u20091.47; 1.19\u20131.82; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), family history (OR\u2009=\u20091.92; 1.49\u20132.47; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and functional presentations (OR\u2009=\u200911.0; 5.53\u201322.14; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This is the largest reported Mexican Mestizo cohort with movement disorders evaluated in a single public tertiary center. Findings reveal distinct demographic and clinical patterns and may inform integrated cardiovascular\u2013neurological care models, screening protocols, and resource allocation within the Mexican public health system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0046-1829047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:49:03Z","timestamp":1791589743000},"page":"001-008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology and clinical features of movement disorders in a Mexican Mestizo cohort: a 10-year tertiary-center study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1383-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia Carmina","family":"Farias-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico."},{"name":"Universidad de Colima, Faculty of Medicine, Colima, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3096-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Villa-Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5043-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biagio David","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ruffino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1773-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz Gabriela","family":"Lira-Jaime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1426-2557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla Berenice","family":"Carrazco-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Colima, Faculty of Medicine, Colima, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0206-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"G\u00f3mez-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Department of Neurology, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4319-5875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Guadalajara, Jalisco, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/C2013-0-14233-X","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders","author":"J Jankovic","year":"2021","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.997","article-title":"\u201cHyperkinetic\u201d and \u201cHypokinetic\u201d: Is There a Need for a Third Category (i.e., \u201cMixed\u201d)?","volume":"15","author":"S M Schaefer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.875","article-title":"Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders in SSPE: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"R K Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344149","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1344149","article-title":"Dynamics of parkinsonian oscillations mediated by transmission delays in a mean-field model of the basal ganglia","volume":"18","author":"A Asadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1764140","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Movement Disorders: Rare or Underdiagnosed?","volume":"43","author":"S A O'Shea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin 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Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13077","article-title":"Clinical Correlates of Functional Motor Disorders: An Italian Multicenter Study","volume":"7","author":"M Tinazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1264","article-title":"Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment of functional neurological disorders","volume":"75","author":"A J Espay","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"}],"container-title":["Arquivos de 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